We have extended the primary atomization analysis to swirl injection in cross flows, impinging, and effervescent injectors. Using the integral form of the conservation equations, the drop size can be expressed in terms of injection and fluid parameters, the main variable being the liquid and gas velocities. Using the measured velocities as inputs to this D₃₂-equation, good agreements with experimental data are found for the drop size in the three spray geometries. Underlying physical mechanisms for the drop formation are also revealed from the analysis. The aerodynamic interaction between the swirl spray and cross flow results in reduction in momentum, with a corresponding decrease in kinetic energy that appears as surface tension of energy of many small droplets. Similarly, cancellation of the lateral momentum in impinging jets and internal deceleration in effervescent injectors are the key primary atomization routes. The use of the analytical drop size−velocity correlation has also been demonstrated for swirl sprays in cross flows. Therefore, this approach can be used to predict the drop size and distributions in different spray geometries, with appropriate changes in the velocity input terms and fluid properties.

中文翻译：

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横流、冲击和泡腾喷射器中旋流喷射中液滴尺寸和分布的测定

我们已将初级雾化分析扩展到横流、冲击和泡腾喷射器中的旋流喷射。使用守恒方程的积分形式，液滴尺寸可以用注入和流体参数来表示，主要变量是液体和气体速度。使用测得的速度作为该D ₃₂方程的输入，发现三种喷雾几何形状中的液滴尺寸与实验数据吻合良好。分析还揭示了液滴形成的潜在物理机制。旋流喷雾和横流之间的空气动力学相互作用导致动量减少，动能相应减少，表现为许多小液滴的表面张力能量。同样，撞击射流中横向动量的抵消和泡腾注射器中的内部减速是关键的主要雾化途径。分析液滴尺寸与速度相关性的使用也已被证明可用于横流中的旋流喷雾。因此，这种方法可用于预测不同喷雾几何形状中的液滴尺寸和分布，并适当改变速度输入项和流体特性。