Abstract

The results of instrumental observations of acoustic oscillations, geomagnetic variations, and variations in the atmospheric electric field are presented for the period of fall and explosive decomposition of a bolide in southeastern Turkey on September 2, 2023. It is shown that its decomposition under the influence of aerodynamic forces, occurred in three stages, was accompanied by an acoustic signal of specific morphology, and resulted in variations of the magnetic and electric fields in the subsurface atmospheric layer. The total energy of the event estimated from the acoustic effect was ~9 × 10¹² J, which approximately corresponds to 2.15 kt of TNT. The maximum amplitude of geomagnetic variations induced by the bolide explosion varied from 0.2 to 2.1 nT depending on the distance. The amplitude of variations of the vertical component of the atmospheric electric field in the Mikhnevo Geophysical Observatory (at a distance of ~1900 km) was ~40 V/m. This event showed an ionospheric effect in the form of variations in the critical frequency f₀F2, which was a result of processing the ionograms of height-frequency sounding of the ionosphere at the Rome station.

中文翻译：

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2023 年 9 月 9 日土耳其火流星坠落引起的地球物理效应

摘要

介绍了 2023 年 9 月 2 日土耳其东南部一颗火流星坠落和爆炸分解期间的声波振荡、地磁变化和大气电场变化的仪器观测结果。结果表明，它在影响下的分解气动力的作用分三个阶段发生，伴随着特定形态的声信号，并导致地下大气层中磁场和电场的变化。根据声学效应估计的事件总能量约为 9 × 10 ¹² J，大约相当于 2.15 kt TNT。火流星爆炸引起的地磁变化的最大幅度根据距离的不同从 0.2 到 2.1 nT 不等。Mikhnevo地球物理观测站（距离约1900公里）大气电场垂直分量的变化幅度约为40 V/m。该事件以临界频率f ₀ F2 变化的形式表现出电离层效应，这是罗马站处理电离层高频探测电离图的结果。