The progression of ulcerative colitis (UC) is associated with immunologic derangement, intestinal hemorrhage, and microbiota imbalance. While traditional medications mainly focus on mitigating inflammation, it remains challenging to address multiple symptoms. Here, a versatile gas-propelled nanomotor was constructed by mild fusion of post-ultrasonic CaO nanospheres with CuO nanoblocks. The resulting CaO-CuO possessed a desirable diameter (291.3 nm) and a uniform size distribution. It could be efficiently internalized by colonic epithelial cells and macrophages, scavenge intracellular reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, and alleviate immune reactions by pro-polarizing macrophages to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. This nanomotor was found to penetrate through the mucus barrier and accumulate in the colitis mucosa due to the driving force of the generated oxygen bubbles. Rectal administration of CaO-CuO could stanch the bleeding, repair the disrupted colonic epithelial layer, and reduce the inflammatory responses through its interaction with the genes relevant to blood coagulation, anti-oxidation, wound healing, and anti-inflammation. Impressively, it restored intestinal microbiota balance by elevating the proportions of beneficial bacteria (, and ) and decreasing the abundances of harmful bacteria (, and ). Our gas-driven CaO-CuO offers a promising therapeutic platform for robust treatment of UC the rectal route.

中文翻译：

---

气体驱动纳米电机通过调节肠道免疫环境-粘血-微生物回路缓解结肠炎

溃疡性结肠炎（UC）的进展与免疫紊乱、肠道出血和微生物群失衡有关。虽然传统药物主要侧重于减轻炎症，但解决多种症状仍然具有挑战性。在这里，通过超声后 CaO 纳米球与 CuO 纳米块的温和融合构建了多功能气体驱动纳米电机。所得的 CaO-CuO 具有理想的直径（291.3 nm）和均匀的尺寸分布。它可以被结肠上皮细胞和巨噬细胞有效地内化，清除细胞内的活性氧/氮，并通过促极化巨噬细胞对抗炎M2表型来减轻免疫反应。人们发现，由于产生的氧气泡的驱动力，这种纳米马达可以穿透粘液屏障并积聚在结肠炎粘膜中。CaO-CuO直肠给药可以通过与凝血、抗氧化、伤口愈合和抗炎相关基因的相互作用来止血、修复受损的结肠上皮层并减少炎症反应。令人印象深刻的是，它通过提高有益细菌的比例（和）并减少有害细菌的丰度（和）来恢复肠道微生物群平衡。我们的气体驱动 CaO-CuO 为直肠途径的 UC 强有力的治疗提供了一个有前景的治疗平台。