This study aimed to produce linalool loaded zinc oxide nanocomposite (LZNPs) and assess its and antileishmanial effects against LZNPs was produced through the synthesis of an ethanolic solution containing polyvinyl alcohol. The average size of LZNPs was determined to be 105 nm. The findings indicated that LZNPs displayed significant (p<0.01) antileishmanial effects on promastigotes and amastigotes. Following exposure of promastigotes to LZNPs, there was a notable rise in the percentage of early and late apoptotic cells from 9.0-57.2%. The gene expression levels of iNOS, IFN-γ, and TNF-α in macrophages were upregulated in a dose-dependent approach following exposure to LZNPs. LZNPs alone and in conjunction with glucantime (Glu) resulted in a reduction in the diameter and parasite load of CL lesions in infected mice. Treatment of the CL-infected mice with LZNPs at 25 and 50 mg/kg mainly in combination with Glu reduced the tissue level of malondialdehyde (MDA), increased both gene and protein expression of the antioxidant enzymes as well as raised the expression level of IFN-γ and IL-12 cytokines, whereas caused a significant reduction in the expression level of IL-4. The present study shows that LZNPs has potent antileishmanial effects and controls CL in a mice model through its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Further investigation, especially in clinical trials, could explore the potential use of this nanocomposite in managing and treating CL.

中文翻译：

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通过其有效的抗氧化和免疫调节作用，揭示了载有芳樟醇的氧化锌纳米复合材料的抗利什曼病活性

本研究旨在生产负载芳樟醇的氧化锌纳米复合材料 (LZNP)，并评估其对 LZNP 的抗利什曼效应，这是通过合成含有聚乙烯醇的乙醇溶液来生产的。LZNPs 的平均尺寸确定为 105 nm。研究结果表明，LZNP 对前鞭毛体和无鞭毛体表现出显着的 (p<0.01) 抗利什曼效应。将前鞭毛体暴露于 LZNP 后，早期和晚期凋亡细胞的百分比从 9.0% 显着上升至 57.2%。暴露于 LZNP 后，巨噬细胞中 iNOS、IFN-γ 和 TNF-α 的基因表达水平以剂量依赖性方式上调。单独使用 LZNP 以及与葡聚糖酸 (Glu) 联合使用可导致受感染小鼠 CL 病变的直径和寄生虫负载减少。用 25 和 50 mg/kg LZNPs（主要与 Glu 组合）治疗 CL 感染的小鼠，降低了组织中丙二醛 (MDA) 的水平，增加了抗氧化酶的基因和蛋白质表达，并提高了 IFN 的表达水平-γ和IL-12细胞因子，而导致IL-4表达水平显着降低。目前的研究表明，LZNPs 具有有效的抗利什曼病作用，并通过其抗氧化和免疫调节特性控制小鼠模型中的 CL。进一步的研究，特别是在临床试验中，可以探索这种纳米复合材料在管理和治疗 CL 方面的潜在用途。