Skin barrier defects are one of the primary causes of atopic dermatitis (AD). The basis of skin barrier defects in AD is due to a deficiency in various barrier proteins including filaggrin, involucrin, claudins, and lipids including ceramide, fatty acids and cholesterol. This review updates a more detailed lipid dysregulation in the skin barrier of AD based on recent lipidomic analysis. The clinical implications, treatments, prevention and predictive capability of skin barrier defects are also reviewed. Sources: Published literature obtained through PubMed searches. Selection: Studies relevant to the mechanisms, clinical implications, treatments, prevention and predictors of AD development. Skin barrier defects contribute to transepidermal water loss, infections, IgE sensitizations and cutaneous inflammation in AD. Preventive treatments include daily hydration and application of moisturizers. Since skin barrier defects precede the development of AD, they provide an opportunity for prediction and intervention. Skin barrier defects play an important role in the co-morbidities of AD including infectious complications, disease flare and allergic diathesis. Current research focuses on prevention and prediction of AD development.

中文翻译：

---

时刻保持警惕！管理对皮肤屏障的威胁

皮肤屏障缺陷是特应性皮炎（AD）的主要原因之一。AD 中皮肤屏障缺陷的基础是由于各种屏障蛋白的缺乏，包括丝聚蛋白、外皮蛋白、密蛋白和脂质，包括神经酰胺、脂肪酸和胆固醇。这篇综述根据最近的脂质组学分析更新了 AD 皮肤屏障中更详细的脂质失调。还回顾了皮肤屏障缺陷的临床意义、治疗、预防和预测能力。来源：通过 PubMed 检索获得的已发表文献。选择：与 AD 发展的机制、临床意义、治疗、预防和预测相关的研究。皮肤屏障缺陷会导致 AD 中的经皮水分流失、感染、IgE 致敏和皮肤炎症。预防性治疗包括日常补水和使用保湿霜。由于皮肤屏障缺陷先于 AD 的发展，因此它们提供了预测和干预的机会。皮肤屏障缺陷在 AD 合并症中发挥着重要作用，包括感染性并发症、疾病发作和过敏体质。目前的研究重点是 AD 发展的预防和预测。