The road transport system is a complex sociotechnical system that relies on a number of formal and informal rules of the road to ensure safety and resilience. Interactions between vulnerable road users and drivers often includes informal communication channels that are tightly linked to social norms, user expectations and the environmental context. Automated vehicles have a challenge in being able to communicate and respond to these informal rules of the road, therefore additional technologies are required to better support vulnerable road users. This paper presents the informal rules that cyclists and drivers employ within a cyclist overtake manoeuvre, through qualitative data collected from focus groups and interviews with road users. These informal rules are classified into the key elements of resilience (monitor, detect, anticipate, respond and learn) to understand how they guide the resilient interactions between road users. Using a human factors approach, the Perceptual Cycle Model shows how information is communicated between different road users and created by the situational context. This is then used to inform how automation will alter the communication between cyclists and drivers, and what additional feedback mechanisms will be needed to support the systems resilience. Technologies that can support these feedback mechanisms are proposed as avenues for future development.

中文翻译：

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骑车人和司机之间的弹性互动，这对自动驾驶汽车意味着什么？

道路运输系统是一个复杂的社会技术系统，依赖于许多正式和非正式的道路规则来确保安全性和弹性。弱势道路使用者和驾驶员之间的互动通常包括与社会规范、用户期望和环境背景密切相关的非正式沟通渠道。自动驾驶车辆在沟通和响应这些非正式的道路规则方面面临挑战，因此需要额外的技术来更好地支持弱势道路使用者。本文通过从焦点小组收集的定性数据和对道路使用者的采访，介绍了骑自行车者和驾驶员在骑自行车者超车动作中采用的非正式规则。这些非正式规则被分为弹性的关键要素（监控、检测、预测、响应和学习），以了解它们如何指导道路使用者之间的弹性交互。使用人为因素方法，感知循环模型显示了信息如何在不同道路使用者之间传递以及如何根据情境创建。然后，它被用来告知自动化将如何改变骑车人和司机之间的沟通，以及需要哪些额外的反馈机制来支持系统的弹性。可以支持这些反馈机制的技术被提议作为未来发展的途径。