Much of the social choice literature examines voting systems, in which voters submit their ranked preferences over candidates and a voting rule picks a winner. Real-world elections and decision-making processes are often more complex and involve multiple stages. For instance, one popular voting system filters candidates through : first, voters affiliated with each political party vote over candidates of their own party and the voting rule picks a set of candidates, one from each party, who then compete in a general election.

中文翻译：

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主要是关于初选

许多社会选择文献研究了投票系统，其中选民提交他们对候选人的偏好排名，然后投票规则选出获胜者。现实世界的选举和决策过程通常更加复杂并且涉及多个阶段。例如，一个流行的投票系统通过以下方式过滤候选人：首先，隶属每个政党的选民对本党的候选人进行投票，然后投票规则选出一组候选人，每个政党各一名，然后参加大选。