In this study, the long-term spatio-temporal variation, trends, and source increments of particulate matter (PM and PM) and gaseous pollutants (SO, NO, NO, CO, O) measured from 2015 to 2021 across 37 air quality monitoring stations in the European and Asian sides of Istanbul were investigated. The average PM concentration on the European side is higher than the Asian side. However, the average PM in both regions showed the same values. The results show that the industries near urban sites mainly affect PM concentrations in Istanbul. Ship emissions (from the Istanbul Strait) make the largest incremental contribution to SO and CO (211% and 139%, respectively) among other pollutants. PM, PM, SO, and NO concentrations show significant (p < 0.01) negative temporal trends of 6.02%, 6.97%, 5.38%, and 3.28%, respectively, most notable in the winter season. However, the CO and O concentration trends are stable and increasing. According to the correlation coefficient (R) and the coefficient of divergence (COD) analysis, there is a heterogeneous distribution of pollutants at the intra-urban scale. PM concentrations are dominated by diverse pollution sources such as traffic, shipping and regional sources.

中文翻译：

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伊斯坦布尔环境颗粒物和微量气体评估：来自长期和多监测站的见解

在这项研究中，2015年至2021年37个空气质量监测点测量的颗粒物（PM和PM）和气态污染物（SO、NO、NO、CO、O）的长期时空变化、趋势和来源增量伊斯坦布尔欧洲和亚洲一侧的车站受到了调查。欧洲一侧的PM平均浓度高于亚洲一侧。然而，两个地区的平均 PM2.5 值却相同。结果表明，靠近城市场地的工业主要影响伊斯坦布尔PM2.5浓度。在其他污染物中，船舶排放（来自伊斯坦布尔海峡）对二氧化硫和二氧化碳的增量贡献最大（分别为 211% 和 139%）。PM、PM、SO 和 NO 浓度显示出显着 (p < 0.01) 的负时间趋势，分别为 6.02%、6.97%、5.38% 和 3.28%，在冬季最为显着。然而，CO 和 O 浓度趋势稳定且不断增加。根据相关系数（R）和发散系数（COD）分析，城市内部尺度上污染物分布存在异质性。PM 浓度主要由交通、航运和区域污染源等多种污染源决定。