Soil is a complex ecosystem that houses microbes and nutrients that are necessary for plant development. Edaphic properties of the soil and environmental conditions influence microbial growth and nutrient accessibility. Various environmental stimuli largely affect the soil microbes and ionic balance, in turn influencing plants. Soil microflora helps decompose organic matter and is involved in mineral uptake. The combination of soil microbes and mineral nutrients notably affects plant growth. Recent advancements have enabled a deeper understanding of plant genetic/molecular regulators. Deficiencies/sufficiencies of soil minerals and microbes also alter plant gene regulation. Gene regulation mediated by epigenetic mechanisms comprises conformational alterations in chromatin structure, DNA/histone modifications, or involvement of small RNAs. Epigenetic regulation is unique due to its potential to inherit without involving alteration of the DNA sequence. Thus, the compilation study of heritable epigenetic changes driven by nutrient imbalances and soil microbes would facilitate understanding this molecular phenomenon in plants. This information can aid in epigenome editing, which has recently emerged as a promising technology for plant non-transgenic/non-mutagenic modification. Potential epigenetic marks induced by biotic and abiotic stresses in plants could be explored as target sites for epigenome editing. This review discusses novel ways of epigenome editing to create epigenome edited plants with desirable and heritable phenotypes. As plants are sessile and in constant exposure to the soil microbiome and nutrients, epigenetic changes induced by these factors could provide more effective, stable and a sustainable molecular solution for crop improvement.

中文翻译：

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土壤微生物群和养分影响的表观遗传调控：为植物表观基因组编辑铺平道路

土壤是一个复杂的生态系统，含有植物发育所需的微生物和营养物质。土壤的土壤特性和环境条件影响微生物的生长和养分的可及性。各种环境刺激很大程度上影响土壤微生物和离子平衡，进而影响植物。土壤微生物区系有助于分解有机物并参与矿物质的吸收。土壤微生物和矿质养分的结合显着影响植物生长。最近的进展使人们能够更深入地了解植物遗传/分子调节剂。土壤矿物质和微生物的缺乏/充足也会改变植物基因调控。表观遗传机制介导的基因调控包括染色质结构的构象改变、DNA/组蛋白修饰或小RNA的参与。表观遗传调控之所以独特，是因为它具有在不改变 DNA 序列的情况下遗传的潜力。因此，对养分失衡和土壤微生物驱动的可遗传表观遗传变化的汇编研究将有助于理解植物中的这种分子现象。这些信息可以帮助表观基因组编辑，表观基因组编辑最近已成为一种有前景的植物非转基因/非诱变修饰技术。植物中生物和非生物胁迫诱导的潜在表观遗传标记可以作为表观基因组编辑的靶位点进行探索。这篇综述讨论了表观基因组编辑的新方法，以创建具有理想和可遗传表型的表观基因组编辑植物。由于植物是无柄的并且持续暴露于土壤微生物组和养分，这些因素引起的表观遗传变化可以为作物改良提供更有效、稳定和可持续的分子解决方案。