Alzheimer's Disease (AD) represents a complex interplay of neurological pathways and molecular mechanisms, with significant impacts on patients' lives. This review synthesizes the latest developments in AD research, focusing on both the scientific advancements and their clinical implications. We examine the role of microglia in AD, highlighting their contribution to the disease's inflammatory aspects. The cholinergic hypothesis, a cornerstone of AD research, is re-evaluated, including the role of Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in disease progression. This review places particular emphasis on the neurotransmission systems, exploring the therapeutic potential of GABAergic neurotransmitters and the role of NMDA inhibitors in the context of glutamatergic neurotransmission. By analyzing the interactions and implications of neurotransmitter pathways in AD, we aim to shed light on emerging therapeutic strategies. In addition to molecular insights, the review addresses the clinical and personal aspects of AD, underscoring the need for patient-centered approaches in treatment and care. The final section looks at the future directions of AD research and treatment, discussing the integration of scientific innovation with patient care. This review aims to provide a comprehensive update on AD, merging scientific insights with practical considerations, suitable for both specialists and those new to the field.

中文翻译：

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阿尔茨海默氏症的神经递质之谜：剖析机制并探索治疗视野

阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 代表神经通路和分子机制之间复杂的相互作用，对患者的生活产生重大影响。这篇综述综合了 AD 研究的最新进展，重点关注科学进展及其临床意义。我们研究了小胶质细胞在 AD 中的作用，强调了它们对该疾病炎症方面的贡献。作为 AD 研究基石的胆碱能假说得到了重新评估，包括 Alpha-7 烟碱乙酰胆碱受体在疾病进展中的作用。本综述特别强调神经传递系统，探讨 GABA 能神经递质的治疗潜力以及 NMDA 抑制剂在谷氨酸能神经传递中的作用。通过分析 AD 中神经递质通路的相互作用和影响，我们旨在阐明新兴的治疗策略。除了分子见解之外，该综述还讨论了 AD 的临床和个人方面，强调了在治疗和护理方面需要以患者为中心的方法。最后一部分着眼于 AD 研究和治疗的未来方向，讨论科学创新与患者护理的整合。这篇综述旨在提供 AD 的全面更新，将科学见解与实际考虑相结合，适合专家和该领域的新手。