is an ancient Roman aqueduct, built to supply water to the ancient city of Rome and still working nowadays. This work is focused on the characterization of its mortars, and in particular the binders, to identify the reasons of such a durable resistance. Samples collected inside the aqueduct were analysed by Optical Microscopy (OM) in thin sections, X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), High Resolution Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (HR-FESEM-EDS), Electron Microprobe (EMPA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry coupled with Thermogravimetric Analysis (DSC-TGA), Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy and N adsorption/desorption measurements. The presence of an amorphous gel-like C-(N,K)-A-S-H binder and the complete absence of calcite in Trajan Age samples constitute a unique case, and may be the reason of the high hydraulicity of the mortar. Establishing how these features were produced could allow them to be replicated in high-durability and high-compatibility restoration mortars.

中文翻译：

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古罗马水硬砂浆的秘密：从过去的经验教训为未来的水泥

是一条古罗马渡槽，为向罗马古城供水而建造，至今仍在运行。这项工作的重点是对其砂浆，特别是粘合剂的表征，以确定这种持久阻力的原因。通过光学显微镜 (OM) 薄片、X 射线粉末衍射 (XRPD)、具有能量色散 X 射线光谱的扫描电子显微镜 (SEM-EDS)、高分辨率场发射扫描电子显微镜对渡槽内收集的样品进行分析(HR-FESEM-EDS)、电子显微探针 (EMPA)、差示扫描量热法结合热重分析 (DSC-TGA)、傅里叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR)、X 射线吸收近边缘结构 (XANES) 光谱和 N 吸附/解吸测量。图拉真时代样品中存在无定形凝胶状 C-(N,K)-ASH 粘合剂且完全不存在方解石，构成了独特的情况，并且可能是砂浆高水硬性的原因。确定这些特征是如何产生的可以使它们在高耐用性和高兼容性的修复砂浆中复制。