To investigate opinions and attitudes of medical professionals towards adopting AI-enabled healthcare technologies in their daily business, we used a mixed-methods approach. Study 1 employed a qualitative computational grounded theory approach analyzing 181 Reddit threads in the several subreddits of r/medicine. By utilizing an unsupervised machine learning clustering method, we identified three key themes: (1) consequences of AI, (2) physician–AI relationship, and (3) a proposed way forward. In particular Reddit posts related to the first two themes indicated that the medical professionals' fear of being replaced by AI and skepticism toward AI played a major role in the argumentations. Moreover, the results suggest that this fear is driven by little or moderate knowledge about AI. Posts related to the third theme focused on factual discussions about how AI and medicine have to be designed to become broadly adopted in health care. Study 2 quantitatively examined the relationship between the fear of AI, knowledge about AI, and medical professionals' intention to use AI-enabled technologies in more detail. Results based on a sample of 223 medical professionals who participated in the online survey revealed that the intention to use AI technologies increases with increasing knowledge about AI and that this effect is moderated by the fear of being replaced by AI.

中文翻译：

---

医疗专业人士如何理解（或不理解）人工智能？基于社交媒体的计算扎根理论研究和在线调查

为了调查医疗专业人员对在日常业务中采用人工智能医疗保健技术的意见和态度，我们采用了混合方法。研究 1 采用定性计算基础理论方法分析 r/medicine 几个 Reddit 子版块中的 181 个 Reddit 帖子。通过利用无监督的机器学习聚类方法，我们确定了三个关键主题：（1）人工智能的后果，（2）医生与人工智能的关系，以及（3）提出的前进方向。特别是与前两个主题相关的 Reddit 帖子表明，医疗专业人员对被人工智能取代的恐惧和对人工智能的怀疑在争论中发挥了重要作用。此外，结果表明，这种恐惧是由于对人工智能知之甚少或了解有限而造成的。与第三个主题相关的帖子重点关注如何设计人工智能和医学才能在医疗保健领域得到广泛采用的事实讨论。研究 2 更详细地定量研究了对人工智能的恐惧、对人工智能的了解以及医疗专业人员使用人工智能技术的意图之间的关系。基于参与在线调查的 223 名医疗专业人员的样本得出的结果显示，随着对人工智能了解的增加，使用人工智能技术的意愿也会增加，而这种影响会因担心被人工智能取代而减弱。