this study evaluated dentin microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and failure modes (at 24 h and one year), bonding interface regarding hybridization, surface morphology regarding demineralization, in situ metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, and antibacterial effect of three dentin etchants compared to 35% phosphoric acid (PA). The Adper Single Bond 2 adhesive (3 M Oral Care) was applied on moist dentin etched with PA (control) or on air-dried dentin etched with 3% aluminum nitrate + 2% oxalic acid (AN), 6.8% ferric oxalate + 10% citric acid (FO), or 10% citric acid (CA). The µTBS test used 40 human teeth (n = 10). Failure modes and surface morphology were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (n = 3), while bonding interface morphology and MMP activity were evaluated by laser scanning confocal microscopy (n = 3). Antibacterial activity was evaluated against biofilm by means of viable cells count (CFU/mL). PA presented the highest bond strengths regardless of aging time. PA, AN, and CA showed stable bond strengths after one year of storage. Adhesive and mixed failures were predominant in all groups. Thin hybrid layers with short resin tags were observed for the experimental etchants. The AN-based etchant was able to inhibit MMP activity. All tested etchants presented antibacterial activity against biofilm. This study suggests different dentin etchants capable of inhibiting MMP activity while also acting as cavity disinfectants.

中文翻译：

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实验性牙本质蚀刻剂对牙本质粘合强度、金属蛋白酶抑制和抗生物膜活性的影响

本研究评估了三种牙本质蚀刻剂与 35 种牙本质蚀刻剂的牙本质微拉伸粘合强度 (μTBS) 和失效模式（24 小时和一年）、与杂交有关的粘合界面、与脱矿质有关的表面形态、原位金属蛋白酶 (MMP) 活性和抗菌效果。 ％磷酸（PA）。将 Adper Single Bond 2 粘合剂（3 M Oral Care）应用于用 PA 蚀刻的湿润牙本质（对照）或用 3% 硝酸铝 + 2% 草酸 (AN)、6.8% 草酸铁 + 10 蚀刻的风干牙本质。 % 柠檬酸 (FO) 或 10% 柠檬酸 (CA)。 µTBS 测试使用 40 颗人类牙齿 (n = 10)。通过扫描电子显微镜 (n = 3) 分析失效模式和表面形态，通过激光扫描共焦显微镜 (n = 3) 评估键合界面形态和 MMP 活性。通过活细胞计数（CFU/mL）评估针对生物膜的抗菌活性。无论老化时间如何，PA 都具有最高的粘合强度。 PA、AN 和 CA 在储存一年后表现出稳定的粘合强度。所有组中均以粘合失败和混合失败为主。对于实验蚀刻剂，观察到具有短树脂标签的薄混合层。基于 AN 的蚀刻剂能够抑制 MMP 活性。所有测试的蚀刻剂均表现出针对生物膜的抗菌活性。这项研究表明不同的牙本质蚀刻剂能够抑制 MMP 活性，同时也可以充当蛀牙消毒剂。