Natural ventilation in hot climates has the potential to save energy by reducing the need to use mechanical systems. Particularly in historic buildings, it should be considered as a passive retrofit strategy before the addition of any mechanical systems to accommodate their unique indoor environmental characteristics and ensure their preservation. This study investigates the efficiency of multiple natural ventilation strategies in cooling a historic residential structure located in San Antonio, Texas, USA, a hot and humid climate area. It also analyzes their potential to provide a thermally comfortable indoor environment during the spring and summer. Onsite data and ASHRAE standards were used to create and validate Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and energy models. Six different natural ventilation approaches were simulated, and the results were analyzed and compared. The analysis revealed that all the considered scenarios can contribute to energy savings in both seasons, especially in spring, with cross ventilation being the most efficient strategy. It also proved that the size of the openings has an impact on thermal comfort. This study demonstrated that historic preservation and thermal comfort goals can be achieved simultaneously, and the results can be replicated in multiple historic structures in similar climate regions around the globe.

中文翻译：

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使用 CFD 模拟评估历史住宅建筑中通过自然通风策略进行的被动冷却

炎热气候下的自然通风可以减少对机械系统的使用，从而节省能源。特别是在历史建筑中，在添加任何机械系统之前，应将其视为一种被动改造策略，以适应其独特的室内环境特征并确保其保存。本研究调查了多种自然通风策略对位于美国德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥（气候炎热潮湿的地区）历史悠久的住宅结构进行冷却的效率。它还分析了它们在春季和夏季提供热舒适的室内环境的潜力。现场数据和 ASHRAE 标准用于创建和验证计算流体动力学 (CFD) 和能源模型。模拟了六种不同的自然通风方式，并对结果进行了分析和比较。分析显示，所有考虑的方案都有助于在两个季节（尤其是春季）实现节能，而交叉通风是最有效的策略。这也证明了开口的大小对热舒适性有影响。这项研究表明，历史保护和热舒适目标可以同时实现，并且结果可以在全球类似气候地区的多个历史建筑中复制。