Weathered slopes are often severely damaged during earthquakes, posing challenges to the study of their dynamic response and damage characteristics. In this study, we conducted physical modelling tests using the wave impedance ratio to investigate the influence of weathering layers on slope dynamics through shaking table tests. Model A utilized unweathered rock as a reference, while models B, C, and D included different weathering layers distinguished by varying wave impedance ratios. By comparing the peak acceleration amplification factors (AAFs) of the four models, we found that the AAF increases with increasing wave impedance ratio on the slope surface. Slopes with wave impedance ratio layers exhibited strong dynamic responses above 2/3 of the slope height, with both wave impedance ratio layers and elevation effects playing crucial roles. Further analysis using the Hilbert–Huang transform revealed wider excitation frequency ranges at the top of models B, C, and D than at the top of model A, resulting in resonance effects and significant damage in the top regions of models with higher wave impedance ratios and lower damping ratios. Furthermore, different damage patterns were observed, with the homogeneous model exhibiting a vibration crack–slip mode, while slopes with wave impedance ratio layers experienced cracking, crushing, and debris slipping at the top. This study provides new insights into the dynamic response analysis and stability evaluation of weathered slopes in active tectonic zones.

中文翻译：

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基于振动台试验的面波阻抗比对边坡动力响应及损伤特性的影响

风化边坡在地震中往往遭受严重破坏，这给研究其动力响应和破坏特征带来了挑战。在本研究中，我们利用波阻抗比进行物理模拟试验，通过振动台试验研究风化层对边坡动力学的影响。模型 A 使用未风化岩石作为参考，而模型 B、C 和 D 则包含不同的风化层，这些风化层通过不同的波阻抗比来区分。通过比较四个模型的峰值加速度放大因子（AAF），我们发现AAF随着坡面波阻抗比的增加而增加。具有波阻比层的斜坡在坡高2/3以上表现出强烈的动力响应，波阻比层和高程效应都起着至关重要的作用。使用希尔伯特-黄变换的进一步分析表明，模型 B、C 和 D 顶部的激励频率范围比模型 A 的顶部更宽，导致波阻抗比较高的模型顶部区域出现共振效应和严重损坏和较低的阻尼比。此外，观察到不同的损伤模式，均质模型表现出振动裂纹-滑移模式，而具有波阻抗比层的斜坡在顶部经历了开裂、破碎和碎片滑移。该研究为活动构造带风化边坡的动力响应分析和稳定性评价提供了新的见解。