Overweight and obesity in older adults increase the risk of a range of comorbidities by sustaining chronic inflammation and thus enhancing immunosenescence. This study aimed to assess whether excess body mass affected disproportion in T lymphocytes. Therefore, the study was designed to explain whether excess body mass in older individuals affected the disproportion in numbers of T lymphocytes and whether anthropometric indices and immune risk profile expressed as CD4/CD8 ratio are diagnostically useful in the analysis of immunosenescence. One hundred three individuals aged 73.6 ± 3.1 years were allocated to the normal body mass (body mass index (BMI) 18.5–24.9 kg/m = 39), the pre-obesity (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m, = 44) or the obesity (BMI ≥30.0 kg/m, = 20) group, based on WHO recommendations. Details on the subjects' medical history and lifestyle were obtained by health questionnaire. Anthropometric analysis was performed by bioelectrical impedance method, biochemical analysis was made by the automatic analyzer and ELISA immunoassays, and T and B lymphocyte counts were determined by eight-parameter flow cytometry. Additionally, visceral adiposity index, body adiposity index (BAI), and body shape index (ABSI) were evaluated based on body circumference, BMI and lipid-lipoprotein profile measurements. The highest percentage of CD3CD4 T lymphocytes (59.4 ± 12.6 %) and the lowest CD3CD8 T lymphocytes (31.6 ± 10.0 %) were noted in patients the obesity group. The highest cut-off value of 1.9 for CD4/CD8 ratio was recorded in the normal body mass vs pre-obesity model. CD4/CD8 ratio > 2.5 was recorded in >20 % of our pre-obesity and obesity groups while 64.5 % of the normal body mass group had CD4/CD8 ratio < 1. High diagnostic usefulness was demonstrated for both BAI and lipid accumulation product (LAP) (AUC values of ~0.800 and ~ 0.900 respectively) in three models: normal body mass vs pre-obesity, normal body mass vs obesity, and pre-obesity vs obesity. The odds ratios (OR) for CD4/CD8 ratio in the normal body mass vs obesity model (OR = 16.1, 95%CI 3.8–93.6) indicated a potential diagnostic value of T lymphocytes for clinical prognosis of immune aging in relation to excess body weight in older adults. High values of AUC obtained for the following models: CD4/CD8 + BAI (AUC = 0.927), CD4/CD8 + LAP (AUC = 1.00), CD4/CD8 + ABSI (AUC = 0.865) proved to provide excellent discrimination between older adults with obesity and with normal body mass.

中文翻译：

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体重过重会加速免疫衰老吗？

老年人的超重和肥胖会持续慢性炎症，从而增强免疫衰老，从而增加一系列合并症的风险。本研究旨在评估体重过多是否会影响 T 淋巴细胞的比例失调。因此，该研究旨在解释老年人体重过多是否会影响T淋巴细胞数量的比例失调，以及以CD4/CD8比率表示的人体测量指数和免疫风险状况是否在免疫衰老分析中具有诊断作用。103 名年龄为 73.6 ± 3.1 岁的个体被分配为正常体重组（体重指数 (BMI) 18.5–24.9 kg/m = 39）、肥胖前期（BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m = 44）或根据世界卫生组织的建议，肥胖（BMI ≥30.0 kg/m，= 20）组。通过健康问卷获得受试者病史和生活方式的详细信息。采用生物电阻抗法进行人体测量分析，自动分析仪和ELISA免疫分析进行生化分析，八参数流式细胞仪测定T、B淋巴细胞计数。此外，还根据体围、BMI 和脂脂蛋白谱测量值评估内脏肥胖指数、身体肥胖指数 (BAI) 和体型指数 (ABSI)。肥胖组患者的 CD3CD4 T 淋巴细胞百分比最高 (59.4 ± 12.6 %)，CD3 CD8 T 淋巴细胞百分比最低 (31.6 ± 10.0 %)。在正常体重与肥胖前模型中记录到的 CD4/CD8 比率的最高截止值为 1.9。在我们的肥胖前期和肥胖组中，>20% 的人记录到 CD4/CD8 比率 > 2.5，而在正常体重组中，64.5% 的 CD4/CD8 比率 < 1。BAI 和脂质积累产物均具有较高的诊断实用性（ LAP）（AUC 值分别约为 0.800 和 0.900）在三个模型中：正常体重与肥胖前、正常体重与肥胖以及肥胖前与肥胖。正常体重与肥胖模型中 CD4/CD8 比值的比值比 (OR)（OR = 16.1，95%CI 3.8–93.6）表明 T 淋巴细胞对于与超重相关的免疫衰老临床预后具有潜在的诊断价值老年人的体重。以下模型获得的高 AUC 值：CD4/CD8 + BAI (AUC = 0.927)、CD4/CD8 + LAP (AUC = 1.00)、CD4/CD8 + ABSI (AUC = 0.865) 被证明可以在老年人之间提供出色的区分肥胖且体重正常。