Bilabiate flowers are phenotypically specialized and primarily pollinated by bees. However, this phenotypic specialization does not necessarily result in functional and/or ecological specialization. We use the bee-pollinated L. (Lamiaceae) as a model species to elucidate the number of pollinators, their fitting to the flower and their behavior in order to identify the best fitting pollinators and most capable foragers. Field observations at 12 localities between 2018 and 2023 revealed in total 37 bee species as pollinators. Based on morphometric and behavioral data, handling time per flower, number of flowers visited per minute and an index of the proportion of bee contacts with reproductive surfaces per flower visit, big and long-tongued bee species were identified as the best fitting pollinators and most capable foragers. We conclude that is a functional specialist and ecological generalist at the same time. This combination is advantageous in species assemblages with moderately specialized partners as it combines the advantages of generalization (high number of pollinator species) with those of specialization (economic pollen transfer).

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表型专家中的众多蜜蜂传粉媒介——从植物的角度来看传粉媒介的多样性

双唇形花在表型上是特化的，主要由蜜蜂授粉。然而，这种表型特化并不一定导致功能和/或生态特化。我们使用蜜蜂授粉的 L.（唇形科）作为模型物种来阐明传粉媒介的数量、它们对花朵的适应性及其行为，以便识别最适合的传粉媒介和最有能力的觅食者。2018 年至 2023 年间对 12 个地点的实地观察发现，共有 37 种蜜蜂作为传粉媒介。根据形态测量和行为数据、每朵花的处理时间、每分钟访问的花朵数量以及每次访问花朵时蜜蜂与生殖表面接触的比例指数，大而长舌的蜜蜂物种被确定为最合适的传粉者，也是最适合的传粉者。有能力的觅食者。我们得出的结论是，他同时是功能专家和生态通才。这种组合在具有适度专业化伙伴的物种组合中是有利的，因为它结合了泛化（大量传粉媒介物种）和专业化（经济花粉转移）的优点。