Soil salinity is a major environmental problem that affects plant growth and production. Peppermint, a member of the Lamiaceae family, is a widely used medicinal plant that has many applications in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Therefore, it is important to identify new ways to improve the growth and production of secondary metabolites in mint plants. The current study was performed on peppermint plant to assess the impacts of zeolite (0, 2, and 4 g kg) and titanium dioxide nanoparticles (Nano TiO, 0 and 100 mg L) in NaCl salinity (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) conditions in a factorial arrangement on the basis of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) three times. According to the results, salinity stress decreased root and shoot dry weight, relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic pigment contents, root and shoot K content, K/Na ratio of root and shoot, ion selectivity of K over Na, and increased Na ion content, HO and Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents. Also, salinity stress at the level of 100 mM increased proline, total phenol, flavonoid content, Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzyme activity, and essential oil yield, but increasing the salinity level to 200 mM led to a decrease in morpho-physiological parameters. Nano TiO and zeolite improved the shoot and root dry weight, root and RWC, shoot potassium content, K/Na ratio of shoot and root, Ion Selectivity (S), total phenol, flavonoid content, PAL enzyme activity, and essential oil yield, and decreased root and shoot sodium content, Na/Ca, HO and MDA content under salinity stress conditions. Salinity caused a significant (˂ 0.01) decrease in oxygenated monoterpenes, especially menthol, but led to an increase in menthone, menthofuran, and pulegone content. On the other hand, exposure to Nano TiO and zeolite could increase the menthol content and decrease the menthone, menthofuran, and pulegone content under salinity stress. Thus, moderate salinity stress, zeolite, and 100 mg L Nano TiO foliar spray are suggested to get a greater yield and high-quality products in mint plants. According to the results of this experiment, the positive impacts of zeolite and Nano TiO enhance both the quantity and quality output of essential oil, photosynthetic pigments, phenolic compounds as defense compounds, and potassium content as an osmotic regulator.

中文翻译：

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暴露于 TiO2 纳米粒子 (NP) 和沸石会刺激生长、生理和植物化学特性，并提高薄荷对盐度胁迫的耐受性

土壤盐分是影响植物生长和生产的主要环境问题。薄荷是唇形科的一员，是一种广泛使用的药用植物，在食品、化妆品和制药行业有许多应用。因此，寻找改善薄荷植物生长和次生代谢产物产量的新方法非常重要。当前的研究是在薄荷植物上进行的，以评估沸石（0、2 和 4 g kg）和二氧化钛纳米颗粒（纳米 TiO，0 和 100 mg·L）对 NaCl 盐度（0、100 和 200 mM NaCl）的影响）基于三次随机完全区组设计（RCBD）的阶乘排列条件。结果表明，盐胁迫降低了根和地上部干重、相对含水量（RWC）、光合色素含量、根和地上部钾含量、根和地上部钾/钠比、钾对钠的离子选择性，并增加了钠离子含量、H2O 和丙二醛 (MDA) 含量。此外，100 mM 水平的盐度胁迫会增加脯氨酸、总酚、类黄酮含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶 (PAL) 酶活性和精油产量，但将盐度水平增加到 200 mM 会导致形态生理学下降。参数。纳米TiO2和沸石提高了地上部和根干重、根和RWC、地上部钾含量、地上部和根部K/Na比、离子选择性(S)、总酚、黄酮含量、PAL酶活性和精油产量，盐胁迫条件下根和地上部钠含量、Na/Ca、H2O和MDA含量降低。盐度导致含氧单萜显着（˂ 0.01）减少，尤其是薄荷醇，但导致薄荷酮、薄荷呋喃和胡薄荷酮含量增加。另一方面，在盐度胁迫下，暴露于纳米TiO2和沸石可以增加薄荷醇含量并降低薄荷酮、薄荷呋喃和胡薄荷酮含量。因此，建议适度盐度胁迫、沸石和100 mg·L-1纳米TiO叶面喷施，以获得更高的产量和高质量的薄荷植物产品。根据该实验的结果，沸石和纳米二氧化钛的积极影响提高了精油、光合色素、作为防御化合物的酚类化合物以及作为渗透调节剂的钾含量的产量和质量。