In penetration problems, empirical formulas from different sources may easily lead to calculation conflicts. In the present work, based on the spherical cavity expansion theory of compressible and incompressible models, the resistance decay model and the kinematics analysis of projectiles, a 3-Danalytical model for the oblique penetration of tungsten spheres against low-carbon steel targets was built. The modeling method was described in detail. Subsequently, calculation results were compared with experimental data of tungsten spheres penetrating 100 mm thick Q235 steel targets and 8 mm thick Q345 steel targets to check computational performance of the established model. It is proved that resistance models can be used to calculate penetration problems after considering the resistance correction coefficient. The 3-D model is suitable for penetration problems of plastic cratering of targets.

中文翻译：

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基于可压缩和不可压缩空腔膨胀理论的钨球斜侵彻钢靶

在渗透问题中，不同来源的经验公式很容易导致计算冲突。本文基于可压缩和不可压缩模型的球腔膨胀理论、阻力衰减模型和弹丸运动学分析，建立了钨球斜侵彻低碳钢目标的三元分析模型。详细描述了建模方法。随后，将计算结果与钨球侵彻100 mm厚Q235钢靶材和8 mm厚Q345钢靶材的实验数据进行比较，检验所建立模型的计算性能。事实证明，考虑阻力修正系数后，阻力模型可以用于计算侵彻问题。 3-D 模型适用于目标塑料弹坑的穿透问题。