To test the hypothesis that surgical otologic intervention for any type of pediatric hearing loss decreases the odds for incident adverse cognitive and linguistic developmental outcomes. Retrospective cohort database study. Electronic medical record data from the TriNetX Research Network were queried for children with congenital, sensorineural, conductive, and mixed hearing loss (HL) between ages 0 and 5 years. Patients were further stratified by presence (HL + surgery) or absence (HL-surgery) of surgical intervention at any point following diagnosis, including cochlear implantation, tympanoplasty with or without mastoidectomy, and tympanostomy. Primary outcomes were defined as odds for new adverse cognitive or linguistic outcomes at any point given HL treatment status [odds ratio with 95% confidence interval, (OR; 95%CI, p-value)]. Cohorts were balanced using propensity-score matching (PSM) based on US census-defined demographics and clinically relevant congenital conditions. Of 457,636 total patients included in the study, 118,576 underwent surgery (HL + surgery cohort) and 339,060 did not (HL-surgery). In matched cohorts, surgical otologic intervention significantly decreased the odds of developing cognitive disorders including scholastic, motor, psychological developmental disorders, and pervasive developmental delays ( < 0.01). Surgical interventions for treatment of pediatric HL including cochlear implantation, tympanoplasty with or without mastoidectomy, and tympanostomy should be considered as they may prevent delays in development.

中文翻译：

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耳科手术治疗儿童听力损失的认知和语言结果

检验以下假设：对任何类型的儿科听力损失进行耳科手术干预可降低认知和语言发育不良事件发生的几率。回顾性队列数据库研究。查询了来自 TriNetX 研究网络的 0 至 5 岁先天性、感音神经性、传导性和混合性听力损失 (HL) 儿童的电子病历数据。根据诊断后任何时间点是否进行手术干预（HL + 手术）或不进行手术干预（HL 手术）对患者进行进一步分层，包括耳蜗植入、鼓室成形术（伴或不伴乳突切除术）以及鼓室造口术。主要结果定义为在给定 HL 治疗状态的任何时间点出现新的不良认知或语言结果的几率 [95% 置信区间的比值比，（OR；95%CI，p 值）]。根据美国人口普查定义的人口统计数据和临床相关先天性疾病，使用倾向评分匹配 (PSM) 来平衡队列。该研究共纳入 457,636 名患者，其中 118,576 名患者接受了手术（HL + 手术队列），339,060 名患者未接受手术（HL 手术）。在匹配的队列中，耳科手术干预显着降低了发生认知障碍的几率，包括学业、运动、心理发育障碍和普遍性发育迟缓（<0.01）。应考虑治疗儿童 HL 的手术干预措施，包括人工耳蜗植入、鼓室成形术（伴或不伴乳突切除术）以及鼓膜造口术，因为它们可能会预防发育迟缓。