Combining two or more junctions into a tandem solar cell promises to deliver a leap in power conversion efficiency that will help to sustain continued growth in installed photovoltaic (PV) capacity. Although tandems are now on the roadmaps of many PV manufacturers, much work remains before they are ready for mass deployment. Accelerating their development requires advances on many fronts. In this article, we outline the fundamentals and status of tandem PV, considering multiple PV technology pairings and architectures. We then present the challenges that must be overcome and a general timeline of activities that are required to translate tandems to commercial products. Our intent is to spur researchers and manufacturers to work together to address important aspects of tandem design, reliability, and scaling to enable more rapid progress toward mass production.

中文翻译：

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串联光伏发电路线图

将两个或多个结组合成串联太阳能电池有望实现电力转换效率的飞跃，这将有助于维持光伏发电（PV）装机容量的持续增长。尽管串联现在已列入许多光伏制造商的路线图，但在准备大规模部署之前仍有许多工作要做。加速它们的发展需要在许多方面取得进展。在本文中，我们概述了串联光伏的基本原理和现状，考虑了多种光伏技术配对和架构。然后，我们提出了必须克服的挑战以及将串联转化为商业产品所需的活动的总体时间表。我们的目的是激励研究人员和制造商共同努力解决串联设计、可靠性和扩展方面的重要问题，以便更快地实现大规模生产。