Cigarette smoke decreases DNA methylation level of GADD45B promoter in bronchial epithelial cell, thereby promotes GADD45B expression. Subsequently, GADD45B upregulation can directly promote release of inflammatory cytokines through phosphorylation of p38, and can also promote cell senescence by interacting with FOS, which furtherly aggravates inflammation via phosphorylating p38.

中文翻译：

---

DNA 低甲基化介导的 GADD45B 上调促进 COPD 患者气道炎症和上皮细胞衰老

香烟烟雾降低支气管上皮细胞中GADD45B启动子的DNA甲基化水平，从而促进GADD45B表达。随后，GADD45B上调可通过p38磷酸化直接促进炎症细胞因子的释放，也可通过与FOS相互作用促进细胞衰老，进而通过磷酸化p38进一步加重炎症。