The immune system classically consists of two lines of defense: innate and adaptive, both of which interact with one another effectively to protect us against any pathogenic threats. Importantly, there is a diverse subset of cells known as innate-like T cells that act as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune systems and are pivotal players in eliciting inflammatory immune responses. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated the regulatory impact of these innate-like T cells in central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and that such immune cells can traffic into the brain in multiple pathological conditions, which can be typically attributed to the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). However, until now, it has been poorly understood whether innate-like T cells have direct protective or causative properties, particularly in CNS diseases. Therefore, in this review, our attention is focused on discussing the critical roles of three unique subsets of unconventional T-cells; namely, natural killer T (NKT) cells, γδ T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, in the context of CNS diseases, disorders and injuries and how the interplay of these immune cells modulates CNS pathology, in an attempt to gain a better understanding of their complex functions.

中文翻译：

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神经系统疾病中的免疫系统：先天性 T 细胞的说法

免疫系统通常由两道防线组成：先天性防线和适应性防线，两者相互作用，有效地保护我们免受任何病原体威胁。重要的是，有一种不同的细胞亚群被称为先天性 T 细胞，它们充当先天性免疫系统和适应性免疫系统之间的桥梁，并且是引发炎症免疫反应的关键参与者。越来越多的证据表明，这些先天性 T 细胞在中枢神经系统 (CNS) 疾病中具有调节作用，并且此类免疫细胞可以在多种病理条件下进入大脑，这通常可归因于血脑屏障（BBB）。然而，到目前为止，人们对先天样 T 细胞是否具有直接保护或致病特性（特别是在中枢神经系统疾病中）的了解还很少。因此，在这篇综述中，我们的注意力集中在讨论三个独特的非常规 T 细胞亚群的关键作用；即自然杀伤 T (NKT) 细胞、γδ T 细胞和粘膜相关不变 T (MAIT) 细胞，在中枢神经系统疾病、紊乱和损伤的背景下，以及这些免疫细胞如何相互作用调节中枢神经系统病理学，试图更好地了解它们的复杂功能。