This paper presents a systematic literature review of risk assessment methods in the chemical process industry (CPI), focusing on process safety, process security, and resilience. We analyzed peer-reviewed articles from 2000 to 2022 using the PRISMA methodology and identified twelve predominant methods. Our findings reveal a shift towards dynamic, systemic-based assessments like the Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) and System-Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP). These methods are particularly effective at capturing the complexities of sociotechnical systems in the CPI. However, a significant observation from our review is the limited emphasis on the resilience paradigm within many existing methods when addressing both process safety and process security risks, which is crucial for preventing and recovering from disruptions. Given the evolving challenges in system safety and security threats, there is an urgent need for holistic methods that integrate process safety, process security, and resilience. Our review highlights the opportunity for further research to better prepare the industry for future challenges, ensuring safer, more secure, reliable, and resilient operations.

中文翻译：

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化学加工行业过程安全、过程安全和复原力的风险评估方法：彻底的文献综述

本文对化学加工工业 (CPI) 的风险评估方法进行了系统的文献综述，重点关注过程安全、过程保障和复原力。我们使用 PRISMA 方法分析了 2000 年至 2022 年的同行评审文章，并确定了 12 种主要方法。我们的研究结果揭示了向动态、基于系统的评估的转变，例如功能共振分析方法（FRAM）和系统理论事故模型和过程（STAMP）。这些方法对于捕捉 CPI 中社会技术系统的复杂性特别有效。然而，我们的审查的一个重要观察结果是，在解决流程安全和流程安全风险时，许多现有方法中对弹性范式的重视有限，而这对于预防中断和从中断中恢复至关重要。鉴于系统安全和安全威胁不断变化的挑战，迫切需要集成过程安全、过程安全和弹性的整体方法。我们的审查强调了进一步研究的机会，以便行业更好地应对未来的挑战，确保更安全、更可靠、更有弹性的运营。