In the coastal zone of the Ganges Delta, in the wet season (June to November), rice is the predominant crop due to extensive flooding, but the income is low and nutritional food security is compromised. To increase the income from waterlogged paddy land in the coastal zones of Bangladesh and West Bengal, India, intercropping of climbing types vegetables such as bitter gourd, snake gourd, long yard bean, sponge gourd, cucumber and ridge gourd was studied by planting the vegetables in sacks containing a mix of 90 kg soil and 10 kg manure during wet seasons of 2017- 2019. Though there was a small reduction (6.3%) in rice yield in this system, the total rice equivalent yield (REY) of the rice + vegetables intercropping system (15.3–29.0 t ha) increased significantly over sole rice cultivation (4.9 – 6.5 t ha). Higher land equivalent ratio (1.67–1.93) and net income of this system also indicated better land resource utilization compared to sole rice cultivation. The net income from sole rice crop was US$ 193–612 ha (mean $322 ha) but increased to US$ 268–3137 ha (mean $1576 ha) with the intercropping interventions. The intercropping approach decreased year-to-year income variation by mitigating the risks to rice income due to climate threats such as cyclones. Thus, the net income of small and marginal farmers was increased substantially by practicing vegetable cultivation in lowland waterlogged paddy fields with this innovative technology. This technology has significant potential to increase the livelihood and nutritional outcomes of the poor farming families in the waterlogged coastal region.

中文翻译：

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通过在恒河三角洲沿海地区淹水稻田间作蔬菜来提高土地生产力和小农收入的新系统

在恒河三角洲沿海地区，雨季（6月至11月），由于大面积洪水，水稻是主要作物，但收入较低，营养粮食安全受到影响。为了增加孟加拉国和印度西孟加拉邦沿海地区涝渍稻田的收入，通过种植蔬菜，研究了苦瓜、丝瓜、长豆角、丝瓜、黄瓜、脊瓜等攀缘类蔬菜的间作。在 2017 年至 2019 年的雨季期间，将 90 公斤土壤和 10 公斤粪肥混合装在装有 90 公斤土壤和 10 公斤粪肥的袋子中。虽然该系统中的水稻产量略有下降（6.3%），但水稻的总水稻当量产量（REY）+蔬菜间作系统（15.3-29.0 吨公顷）显着高于单稻种植（4.9-6.5 吨公顷）。该系统较高的土地当量比（1.67-1.93）和净收入也表明与单一水稻种植相比，土地资源利用率更高。单一稻米作物的净收入为 193-612 美元公顷（平均 322 公顷），但通过间作干预措施增加至 268-3137 美元公顷（平均 1576 公顷）。间作方法通过减轻飓风等气候威胁对水稻收入造成的风险，减少了逐年收入变化。因此，利用这一创新技术在低地涝渍稻田进行蔬菜种植，大幅提高了小农和边缘农户的纯收入。这项技术对于提高沿海涝灾地区贫困农户的生计和营养状况具有巨大潜力。