A promising approach for reducing nitrate (NO) in water waste is NO reutilization to ammonia (NH). This work investigates the synergistic effect of CuNi catalyst on a defect-rich TiO (TNSD) carbon vulcan composite (C-TNSD). The study starts with CuNi metallic content pre-screened over carbon vulcan (C) to identify the most promising CuNi ratios for nitrate reduction reaction (NO-RR) to NH. This is the case of Cu 20 wt% and Ni 80 wt% (CuNi), Cu 40 wt% and Ni 60 wt% (CuNi), Cu 60 wt% and Ni 40 wt% (CuNi), and Cu 80 wt%, Ni 20 wt% (CuNi) and Cu/Ni monometallic catalysts. Among these ratios, CuNi resulted in the most promising electrocatalyst when loaded over C-TNSD, whose functionality has been assessed using differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS). The results indicate that CuNi/C-TNSD attains a similar NH selectivity to CuNi supported on TiO-carbon vulcan composites. However, CuNi/C-TNSD does not hinder charge transport, making it the most suitable electrocatalyst for NH production. A synergistic interaction between CuNi and C-TNSD is proposed. The results are supported by structural, (electro)chemical, and morphological characterization. From a broader perspective, defective-rich catalysts can be developed to control the electrochemical reaction sequence during NO-RR.

中文翻译：

---

使用负载 CuNi 催化剂的富缺陷 TiO2 载体将 NO3− 电化学还原为 NH3：微分电化学质谱见解

减少废水中硝酸盐 (NO) 的一种有前景的方法是将 NO 再利用为氨 (NH)。这项工作研究了 CuNi 催化剂对富缺陷 TiO (TNSD) 碳硫化复合材料 (C-TNSD) 的协同效应。该研究首先通过碳硫化物 (C) 预先筛选 CuNi 金属含量，以确定最有希望用于硝酸盐还原反应 (NO-RR) 到 NH 的 CuNi 比率。这是 Cu 20 wt% 和 Ni 80 wt% (CuNi)、Cu 40 wt% 和 Ni 60 wt% (CuNi)、Cu 60 wt% 和 Ni 40 wt% (CuNi) 以及 Cu 80 wt% 的情况， Ni 20 wt% (CuNi) 和 Cu/Ni 单金属催化剂。在这些比率中，CuNi 当负载在 C-TNSD 上时产生最有前途的电催化剂，其功能已使用微分电化学质谱 (DEMS) 进行了评估。结果表明，CuNi/C-TNSD 与 TiO2-碳 Vulcan 复合材料负载的 CuNi 具有相似的 NH 选择性。然而，CuNi/C-TNSD 不会阻碍电荷传输，使其成为最适合生产 NH 的电催化剂。提出了 CuNi 和 C-TNSD 之间的协同相互作用。结果得到结构、（电）化学和形态表征的支持。从更广泛的角度来看，可以开发富含缺陷的催化剂来控制 NO-RR 过程中的电化学反应顺序。