Evidence indicates that physical activity (PA) can be a clinically useful and low-cost option for preventing and managing many mental health problems. Further investigation into which specific aspects of mental health are most influenced by PA can help to elucidate the differential effects that PA may confer. This study used cross-sectional data from the Global Mind Project to investigate the association of PA on overall mental well-being and various subcategories of mental health across different adult age groups. Participants completed the 47-item Mental Health Quotient (MHQ) and reported how frequently they engaged in daily bouts of PA for 30 min or more. Weighted propensity score models were used to estimate the Average Treatment effect on the Control (ATC) of PA engagement on overall mental well-being as well as six subcategories of mental health. An estimated ATC of 17.41 was found for overall MHQ, corresponding to a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.25. Among the mental health subcategories, PA engagement was estimated to have the largest ATC for Mind-Body Connection (ATC = 18.90; SMD = 0.30), followed by Adaptability and Resilience (ATC = 17.09; SMD = 0.26), Core Cognition (ATC = 16.00; SMD = 0.24), Drive and Motivation (ATC = 15.43; SMD = 0.24), Mood and Outlook (ATC = 14.81; SMD = 0.21), and Social Self (ATC = 12.53; SMD = 0.17). Our findings support the existing literature demonstrating an association of PA engagement on overall mental well-being, and builds on this work by revealing consistent effects that exist across various mental health subcategories and the adult lifespan.

中文翻译：

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体力活动与心理健康子类别之间的关联：对全球 341,956 名成年人样本进行的倾向评分分析

有证据表明，体力活动 (PA) 是预防和管理许多心理健康问题的一种临床上有用且成本低廉的选择。进一步调查心理健康的哪些具体方面受 PA 影响最大，有助于阐明 PA 可能带来的不同影响。本研究使用全球心灵项目的横断面数据来调查 PA 与不同成人年龄组的整体心理健康和心理健康的各个子类别之间的关系。参与者完成了 47 项心理健康商数 (MHQ)，并报告了他们每天进行 30 分钟或更长时间 PA 的频率。加权倾向评分模型用于估计 PA 参与对总体心理健康以及心理健康的六个子类别的控制（ATC）的平均治疗效果。总体 MHQ 的估计 ATC 为 17.41，对应于标准化平均差 (SMD) 为 0.25。在心理健康子类别中，PA参与估计在身心联系方面具有最大的ATC（ATC = 18.90；SMD = 0.30），其次是适应性和弹性（ATC = 17.09；SMD = 0.26）和核心认知（ATC = 16.00；SMD = 0.24）、内驱力和动机（ATC = 15.43；SMD = 0.24）、情绪和前景（ATC = 14.81；SMD = 0.21）和社交自我（ATC = 12.53；SMD = 0.17）。我们的研究结果支持现有文献证明 PA 参与与整体心理健康之间的关联，并以这项工作为基础，揭示了不同心理健康子类别和成人寿命中存在的一致影响。