Clinical staff who work in healthcare settings experience work-related stress which can lead to emotional and physical burnout, anxiety, depression, and poorer mental wellbeing. In the general population, exercise and physical activity are associated with greater mental wellbeing, reduced incidence of depression, improvements in mood and sleep quality, and reductions in stress. The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the effects of exercise and physical activity interventions, delivered both in the workplace and outside of work, on mental wellbeing, stress, burnout, depression, anxiety, and sleep in healthcare professionals. Major databases were searched from inception to June 2023 for intervention studies investigating aerobic, non-aerobic exercise and resistance training, or interventions designed to increase physical activity amongst healthcare workers. Study quality was assessed using Cochrane and Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) checklists. The search retrieved 16 intervention studies, including 11 randomised controlled trials (RCTs). There was consistent evidence of a reduction in psychological stress (3/3, 100% of RCTs) and improvement of sleep quality (3/4, 75%) following exercise compared to non-active controls. There was inconclusive evidence regarding the effects of exercise and physical activity on mental wellbeing, depression severity, burnout, traumatic stress, and fatigue. Neither exercise nor physical activity appeared to reduce symptoms of anxiety. Exercise and interventions to increase physical activity may be a viable and effective intervention to improve some aspects of mental wellbeing in healthcare professionals, although more large-scale, high-quality trials are needed to establish the full range of benefits.

中文翻译：

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体力活动改善医护人员心理健康的功效：系统评价

在医疗机构工作的临床工作人员会经历与工作相关的压力，这可能导致情绪和身体倦怠、焦虑、抑郁和心理健康状况不佳。在一般人群中，锻炼和体力活动与改善心理健康、降低抑郁症发病率、改善情绪和睡眠质量以及减轻压力有关。本系统评价的目的是调查工作场所和工作之外的锻炼和身体活动干预措施对医疗保健专业人员的心理健康、压力、倦怠、抑郁、焦虑和睡眠的影响。从成立到 2023 年 6 月，我们对主要数据库进行了检索，以查找调查有氧运动、非有氧运动和阻力训练的干预研究，或旨在增加医护人员身体活动的干预措施。使用 Cochrane 和有效公共卫生实践项目 (EPHPP) 检查表评估研究质量。检索检索到 16 项干预研究，其中包括 11 项随机对照试验 (RCT)。有一致的证据表明，与非主动对照组相比，运动后心理压力减轻（随机对照试验的 3/3，100%），睡眠质量改善（3/4，75%）。关于运动和体力活动对心理健康、抑郁严重程度、倦怠、创伤性应激和疲劳的影响，尚无确凿证据。锻炼和体力活动似乎都不能减轻焦虑症状。锻炼和增加身体活动的干预措施可能是改善医疗保健专业人员心理健康某些方面的可行且有效的干预措施，尽管需要更大规模、高质量的试验来确定全方位的益处。