The interplay between mitochondrial function and diabetes has gained significant attention due to its crucial role in the pathogenesis and progression of the disease. Mitochondria, known as the cellular powerhouses, are essential for glucose metabolism. Dysfunction of these organelles has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance and beta-cell failure, both prominent features of diabetes. This comprehensive review explores the intricate mechanisms involved, including the generation of reactive oxygen species and the impact of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations. Moreover, the review delves into emerging therapeutic strategies that specifically target mitochondria, such as mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, agents promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, and compounds modulating mitochondrial dynamics. The potential of these novel approaches is critically evaluated, taking into account their benefits and limitations, to provide a well-rounded perspective. Ultimately, this review emphasizes the importance of advancing our understanding of mitochondrial biology to revolutionize the treatment of diabetes.

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线粒体与糖尿病的相互作用：揭示新的治疗策略

线粒体功能与糖尿病之间的相互作用因其在疾病的发病机制和进展中的关键作用而受到广泛关注。线粒体被称为细胞动力室，对于葡萄糖代谢至关重要。这些细胞器的功能障碍与胰岛素抵抗和β细胞衰竭的发展有关，这都是糖尿病的突出特征。这篇全面的综述探讨了所涉及的复杂机制，包括活性氧的产生和线粒体 DNA (mtDNA) 突变的影响。此外，该综述还深入研究了专门针对线粒体的新兴治疗策略，例如针对线粒体的抗氧化剂、促进线粒体生物合成的药物以及调节线粒体动力学的化合物。这些新颖方法的潜力经过严格评估，考虑到它们的优点和局限性，以提供全面的视角。最终，这篇综述强调了增进我们对线粒体生物学的理解以彻底改变糖尿病治疗的重要性。