Insulin-like peptides are a group of hormones crucial for regulating metabolism, growth, and development in animals. Invertebrates, such as , have been instrumental in understanding the molecular mechanisms of insulin-like peptides. Here, we review the 40 insulin-like peptide genes encoded in the genome. Despite the large number, there is only one insulin-like peptide receptor, called DAF-2. The insulin and insulin-like growth factor signaling (IIS) pathway is evolutionarily conserved from worms to humans. Thus provides an excellent model to understand how these insulin-like peptides function. is unique in that it possesses insulin-like peptides that have antagonistic properties, unlike all human insulin-like peptides, which are agonists. This review provides an overview of the current literature on insulin-like peptide structures, processing, tissue localization, and regulation. We will also provide examples of insulin-like peptide signaling in during growth, development, germline development, learning/memory, and longevity.

中文翻译：

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线虫胰岛素样肽

胰岛素样肽是一组对于调节动物新陈代谢、生长和发育至关重要的激素。无脊椎动物，例如，有助于理解胰岛素样肽的分子机制。在这里，我们回顾了基因组中编码的 40 个胰岛素样肽基因。尽管数量众多，但只有一种胰岛素样肽受体，称为 DAF-2。胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子信号传导 (IIS) 通路从蠕虫到人类在进化上都是保守的。因此，提供了一个很好的模型来了解这些胰岛素样肽如何发挥作用。它的独特之处在于它拥有具有拮抗特性的胰岛素样肽，这与所有作为激动剂的人胰岛素样肽不同。本综述概述了有关胰岛素样肽结构、加工、组织定位和调节的当前文献。我们还将提供生长、发育、种系发育、学习/记忆和长寿过程中胰岛素样肽信号传导的示例。