, often known as PD, is a more common age-related neurological disorder that affects a huge number of older adults worldwide. Parkinson's disease is predominantly a movement-related pathosis and is distinguished by the deposition of intra-neuronal aggregates, as the alpha-synuclein gene is expressed as Lewy bodies (LB) causing dopaminergic neurons to die. Stress in early life may contribute to the development of depression, and depression in patients may result in the development of Parkinson's disease as they mature. Depression is a non-motor condition that leads to motor symptoms, such as Parkinson's disease. PD Patients are currently utilizing a variety of other therapies like utilizing nutritional supplements, herbal remedies, vitamins, and massage. When a patient's functional ability is impaired, drug treatment is usually initiated according to the individual's condition and the severity of signs and symptoms. The current marketed anti-Parkinson drugs, has low brain distribution and failing to repair dopaminergic neurons or delaying the progression of the disease these negative effects were unavoidable. To overcome these disadvantages, this review considers the inclusion of drugs used in Parkinson's disease, focusing on strategies to reuse existing compounds to speed up drug development, their capacity to traverse the BBB, and drug dispersion in the brain. We look at cellular therapies and repurposed drugs. We also investigate the mechanisms, effectiveness, as well as safety of several new medications that are being repositioned for Parkinson's disease pharmacotherapy. In this study, we focus on global trends in Parkinson's disease research. We hope to raise awareness about the present state of major factors for disability worldwide, including yearly prevalence's from international and national statistics. The pathophysiology of Parkinsonism and also analyze existing therapies for Parkinson's disease, moreover new and innovative drug therapies, and to assess the prospects for disease modification.

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帕金森病药物和替代方法的最新更新

帕金森病，通常称为帕金森病，是一种更常见的与年龄相关的神经系统疾病，影响着全世界大量的老年人。帕金森病主要是一种与运动相关的疾病，其特征是神经元内聚集物的沉积，因为 α-突触核蛋白基因表达为路易体 (LB)，导致多巴胺能神经元死亡。早年生活中的压力可能会导致抑郁症的发生，而患者的抑郁症可能会导致他们成年后患上帕金森病。抑郁症是一种非运动疾病，会导致运动症状，例如帕金森病。PD 患者目前正在采用各种其他疗法，例如利用营养补充剂、草药、维生素和按摩。当患者的功能能力受损时，通常根据个体的情况以及体征和症状的严重程度开始药物治疗。目前市售的抗帕金森药物，大脑分布较低，无法修复多巴胺能神经元或延缓病情进展，这些负面影响是不可避免的。为了克服这些缺点，本综述考虑纳入用于帕金森病的药物，重点关注重复利用现有化合物以加速药物开发的策略、它们穿越血脑屏障的能力以及药物在大脑中的分散。我们研究细胞疗法和重新利用药物。我们还研究了几种正在重新定位用于帕金森病药物治疗的新药物的机制、有效性和安全性。在这项研究中，我们关注帕金森病研究的全球趋势。我们希望提高人们对全球残疾主要因素现状的认识，包括国际和国家统计数据中的年度患病率。帕金森病的病理生理学，还分析帕金森病的现有疗法，以及新的和创新的药物疗法，并评估疾病改变的前景。