Extent evidence has shown that morphosyntax is one of the most challenging linguistic areas for children with atypical early language experiences. Over the last couple of years, comparisons between deaf children with CIs and children with DLD have gained interest – as cases of atypical early language experiences, including, but not restricted to, delayed onset of exposure to language input and language-processing difficulties. Evidence suggests that the morphosyntactic difficulties experienced by deaf children with CIs and children with DLD are very similar in nature. However, the few studies that have directly compared both groups are inconclusive, with deaf children with CIs either performing significantly better or on par with children with DLD. These differences in findings can be attributed, in part at least, to a failure to implement essential methodological controls – even more so given that deaf children with CIs comprise a very diverse population. The goal of the present study was to directly compare the performance of deaf children with CIs to that of children with DLD on a morphosyntactic ability known to be particularly difficult for both groups. Specifically, the present study conducted a detailed examination of the past tense marking abilities of deaf children with CIs and children with DLD while controlling for factors specific to deaf children with CIs, for children's basic cognitive abilities as well as for children's age, sex assigned at birth, and SES. Past tense verbs are particularly relevant as they are used as a marker of developmental language disorder (DLD) in children learning French.

中文翻译：

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听觉体验延迟导致人工耳蜗植入儿童过去时态产生困难和工作记忆缺陷：与发育性语言障碍儿童的比较

大量证据表明，对于具有非典型早期语言经历的儿童来说，形态句法是最具挑战性的语言领域之一。在过去的几年里，患有 CI 的聋哑儿童和患有 DLD 的儿童之间的比较引起了人们的兴趣——作为非典型早期语言经历的案例，包括但不限于语言输入延迟和语言处理困难。有证据表明，患有 CI 的聋哑儿童和患有 DLD 的儿童所经历的形态句法困难在本质上非常相似。然而，直接比较两组的少数研究尚无定论，患有 CI 的聋哑儿童的表现要么明显优于患有 DLD 的儿童，要么表现不相上下。研究结果的这些差异至少可以部分归因于未能实施必要的方法控制——考虑到患有 CI 的聋哑儿童的群体非常多样化，情况更是如此。本研究的目的是直接比较患有 CI 的聋哑儿童与患有 DLD 的儿童在形态句法能力方面的表现，已知这对两组来说都特别困难。具体来说，本研究对患有 CI 的聋哑儿童和 DLD 儿童的过去时标记能力进行了详细检查，同时控制了患有 CI 的聋哑儿童的特有因素、儿童的基本认知能力以及儿童的年龄、性别。出生和社会经济地位。过去时态动词尤其重要，因为它们被用作学习法语的儿童发展性语言障碍（DLD）的标志。