One hurdle in the management of CF, a disease characterized by progressive endobronchial infection, is the presence of hypersensitivity reactions to antimicrobials due to prolonged and repetitive treatment courses. The aim of this review is to compile existing data and provide insight to medical professionals on a long-debated topic for optimum patient care. Clinical studies were inducted from the last 15 years and filtered based on their relativity to drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs), antibiotics and CF. After completing the selection process, 10 clinical studies were thoroughly examined. The most frequent antibiotic group related to DHRs were beta-lactams. Frequency of the most common overall type of reaction (immediate or nonimmediate) differed among clinical studies. Although severe reactions seem rare comparatively, they do occur during and even after completion of treatment regimens. The prevalence of true drug allergies should be confirmed using a variety of tests available, however, should not be confused with overall DHR rates. Genetic mutations, gender and lifetime antibiotic dose were not related with an increased risk for DHR development. On the contrary, the most important factor according to most studies was the cumulative antimicrobial dose in a given period of time, especially when delivered parenterally. DHRs are an indisputable problem in the management of CF patients. Understanding possible risk factors and increased awareness is vital in both hospital and outpatient settings as early detection can decrease the severity of the reactions.

中文翻译：

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“囊性纤维化中的抗生素过敏反应：对患者护理中的绊脚石进行彻底检查”

CF 是一种以进行性支气管内感染为特征的疾病，其治疗的一个障碍是由于长期和重复的治疗过程而导致对抗菌药物的过敏反应。本次审查的目的是汇编现有数据，并就长期争论的最佳患者护理主题向医疗专业人员提供见解。临床研究源自过去 15 年，并根据其与药物过敏反应 (DHR)、抗生素和 CF 的相关性进行筛选。完成筛选过程后，对 10 项临床研究进行了彻底审查。与 DHR 相关的最常见的抗生素组是 β-内酰胺类。临床研究中最常见的总体反应类型（立即或非立即）的频率有所不同。尽管严重反应相对较少，但在治疗期间甚至完成治疗后确实会发生。应使用各种可用的测试来确认真正药物过敏的发生率，但不应与总体 DHR 率相混淆。基因突变、性别和终生抗生素剂量与 DHR 发生风险增加无关。相反，根据大多数研究，最重要的因素是给定时间内的累积抗菌剂量，尤其是胃肠外给药时。DHR 是 CF 患者管理中无可争议的问题。了解可能的危险因素并提高认识对于医院和门诊环境都至关重要，因为早期发现可以降低反应的严重程度。