Oxylipins have garnered increasing attention because they were consistently shown to play pathological and/or pharmacological roles in the development of multiple cancers. Oxylipins are the metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids via both enzymatic and nonenzymatic pathways. The enzymes mediating the metabolism of PUFAs include but not limited to lipoxygenases (LOXs), cyclooxygenases (COXs), and cytochrome P450s (CYPs) pathways, as well as the down-stream enzymes. Here, we systematically summarized the pleiotropic effects of oxylipins in different cancers through pathological and pharmacological aspects, with specific reference to the enzyme-mediated oxylipins. We discussed the specific roles of oxylipins on cancer onset, growth, invasion, and metastasis, as well as the expression changes in the associated metabolic enzymes and the associated underlying mechanisms. In addition, we also discussed the clinical application and potential of oxylipins and related metabolic enzymes as the targets for cancer prevention and treatment. We found the specific function of most oxylipins in cancers, especially the underlying mechanisms and clinic applications, deserves and needs further investigation. We believe that research on oxylipins will provide not only more therapeutic targets for various cancers but also dietary guidance for both cancer patients and healthy humans.

中文翻译：

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环加氧酶、脂氧合酶和细胞色素 P450 介导的多不饱和脂肪酸代谢物在癌症中的病理和药理功能

氧脂质引起了越来越多的关注，因为它们一直被证明在多种癌症的发展中发挥病理和/或药理学作用。氧脂质是多不饱和脂肪酸通过酶促和非酶促途径的代谢产物。介导PUFA代谢的酶包括但不限于脂加氧酶(LOX)、环氧合酶(COX)和细胞色素P450(CYP)途径，以及下游酶。在这里，我们从病理学和药理学方面系统地总结了氧脂素在不同癌症中的多效作用，特别是酶介导的氧脂素。我们讨论了氧脂质在癌症发生、生长、侵袭和转移中的具体作用，以及相关代谢酶的表达变化和相关的潜在机制。此外，我们还讨论了氧脂素和相关代谢酶作为癌症预防和治疗靶点的临床应用和潜力。我们发现大多数氧脂素在癌症中的具体功能，特别是其潜在机制和临床应用，值得进一步研究。我们相信，氧脂素的研究不仅将为各种癌症提供更多的治疗靶点，还将为癌症患者和健康人提供饮食指导。