The study investigated the impact of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) on wilt in chickpea. CuONPs, synthesized using coffee powder, were subjected to washing and sonication using Milli-Q water as the solvent during the purification process. Subsequently the nanoparticles were characterized through UV–vis spectroscopy, DLS, Zeta Potential and FTIR analysis. The NPs exhibited a size range of 85–100 nm with a zeta potential of −25.3 mV. Seven days old chickpea seedlings treated with different concentrations of CuONP (10, 25, 50 ppm) via root immersion showed a significant reduction in infection severity. Treatment with 10 and 25 ppm CuONPs led to a remarkable 74.5% and 50% decrease in wilt incidence, along with increased root and shoot length, protein, tannin, phenolics, and flavonoid content in chickpea seedlings, grown in Fusarium infected soil. Enzyme activity (PAL, PPO, NR) was enhanced, while proline, HO, and MDA content decreased in 10 and 25 ppm CuONPs treated seedlings. A reduced activity of APX and SOD was also recorded in 10 and 25 ppm CuONPs treated seedlings. Chlorophyll content increased by 50.08% in 10 ppm treated seedlings but decreased with 25 and 50 ppm. The findings emphasize the protective role of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) at a lower concentration of 10 ppm against Fusarium wilt disease. This protective effect is manifested through the reduction of oxidative stress, decreased wilt incidence, and an increased biomass.

中文翻译：

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应用绿色合成纳米氧化铜有效缓解柑橘根部枯萎病

该研究调查了氧化铜纳米粒子（CuONP）对鹰嘴豆枯萎病的影响。使用咖啡粉合成的 CuONP 在纯化过程中使用 Milli-Q 水作为溶剂进行洗涤和超声处理。随后通过紫外可见光谱、DLS、Zeta 电位和 FTIR 分析对纳米颗粒进行表征。纳米粒子的尺寸范围为 85–100 nm，zeta 电位为 -25.3 mV。通过浸根处理，用不同浓度的 CuONP（10、25、50 ppm）处理 7 天大的鹰嘴豆幼苗，表明感染严重程度显着降低。使用 10 和 25 ppm CuONP 处理后，在受镰刀菌感染的土壤中生长的鹰嘴豆幼苗的枯萎率显着降低 74.5% 和 50%，同时根和芽长度、蛋白质、单宁、酚类和类黄酮含量增加。10 和 25 ppm CuONP 处理的幼苗中，酶活性（PAL、PPO、NR）增强，而脯氨酸、H2O 和 MDA 含量降低。在 10 和 25 ppm CuONP 处理的幼苗中，APX 和 SOD 的活性也有所降低。经 10 ppm 处理的幼苗叶绿素含量增加了 50.08%，但经 25 和 50 ppm 处理后叶绿素含量下降。研究结果强调了 10 ppm 较低浓度的氧化铜纳米粒子 (CuONP) 对镰刀菌枯萎病的保护作用。这种保护作用通过减少氧化应激、降低枯萎率和增加生物量来体现。