Maturity offset (i.e., age from peak height velocity [PHV]) is widely used to assess maturational status among youth athletes, but details on the skeletal periphery, hormones and training factors are lacking. More precision is also needed to explicate the timing, tempo, and sequence of growth-related events. These gaps were addressed in a cross-sectional study. One hundred and two athletic boys (aged 14.1 ± 0.5 years) were evaluated for training details, salivary testosterone and cortisol, height, body mass, body mass index, body fat, fat-free mass (FFM), hand and carpal bone area, bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD), and countermovement jump performance. Participants were assigned to circa-PHV ( = 56) and post-PHV ( = 46) groups for comparisons, before data pooling and disaggregation using generalized additive and linear regression models. The older post-PHV group had a larger body size, more testosterone, and better performance and skeletal outcomes, whilst weekly training and school-based exercise favored the younger circa-PHV group (all < 0.001). Smoother plots verified these differences via linear, or weakly non-linear, associations. Maturity offset was predicted (R = 0.848) by the linear combination of FFM (42.0 % relative contribution), hand BMD (31.5 %), chronological age (16.0 %), testosterone (6.7 %), and training hours (3.8 %). In conclusion, athletic boys who presented at different stages of maturity (-0.98 to 2.84 years from PHV) also differed on many developmental features. Most variables increased at constant, or near-constant, tempo with a higher maturity offset, with FFM and hand BMD emerging as the strongest linear predictors of maturational status.

中文翻译：

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分解成熟状态对运动男孩的训练、人体测量、表现、骨骼周边和激素因素的影响

成熟偏移（即从峰值高度速度开始的年龄[PHV]）被广泛用于评估青少年运动员的成熟状态，但缺乏关于骨骼周边、激素和训练因素的详细信息。还需要更精确地解释与生长相关的事件的时间、节奏和顺序。这些差距在一项横断面研究中得到了解决。对 102 名运动男孩（年龄 14.1 ± 0.5 岁）进行了训练细节、唾液睾酮和皮质醇、身高、体重、体重指数、身体脂肪、去脂体重 (FFM)、手和腕骨面积、骨矿物质含量 (BMC) 和密度 (BMD)，以及反向运动跳跃性能。在使用广义加性和线性回归模型进行数据汇集和分解之前，将参与者分配到 PHV 前后 (= 56) 和 PHV 后 (= 46) 组进行比较。年龄较大的 PHV 后组具有更大的体型、更多的睾丸激素、更好的表现和骨骼结果，而每周训练和基于学校的锻炼则有利于年轻的 PHV 前后组（全部 < 0.001）。更平滑的图通过线性或弱非线性关联验证了这些差异。通过 FFM（42.0% 相对贡献）、手部 BMD（31.5%）、实际年龄（16.0%）、睾酮（6.7%）和训练时间（3.8%）的线性组合来预测成熟度偏移（R = 0.848）。总之，处于不同成熟阶段（PHV-0.98 至 2.84 岁）的运动男孩在许多发育特征上也存在差异。大多数变量以恒定或接近恒定的速度增加，并具有较高的成熟度偏移，其中 FFM 和手部 BMD 成为成熟状态最强的线性预测因子。