We report, in this work, the changes in the thermal structure of the mesosphere-lower thermosphere (MLT) region over an Indian Antarctic station Bharati (69.4° S, 76.2° E, CGM coordinates 75° S, 97° E) brought about by an intense geomagnetic storm of 23–24 March 2023 (Dst ∼ −155 nT). We use the temperature and OH airglow measurements of the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument onboard NASA's Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) mission satellite to compare the thermal field of the MLT region on these disturbed days with the neighbouring quietest days of 27–28 March. Such comparison reveals both warming and cooling in the MLT region associated with the storm. An extension of this comparative study in the latitude region located poleward of Bharati also shows similar behavior of the MLT region during this geomagnetic storm. Overall, this study reveals the maximum temperature enhancement of ∼39–43 K to occur at around 99 km, a significant warming of ∼4–43 K in 95–105 km, and a decrease of ∼12–16 K in 80–87 km. While the enhancement of temperature in 95–105 km appears to be a consequence of the auroral heating associated with this storm; we are unable to account for the cooling below based on existing theories. Present observation of the development of cooling underneath the region of temperature enhancement during the geomagnetic storm is rare and demands further investigation.

中文翻译：

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印度南极站巴拉蒂上空中层顶区域对 2023 年 3 月 23 日至 24 日地磁风暴的响应

我们在这项工作中报告了印度南极站 Bharati（南纬 69.4°，东经 76.2°，CGM 坐标 75° S，97° E）上空中层-下层热层（MLT）区域热结构的变化2023 年 3 月 23 日至 24 日发生的强烈地磁风暴（Dst ∼ -155 nT）。我们利用美国宇航局热层电离层中层能量和动力学 (TIMED) 任务卫星上的宽带发射辐射测量 (SABRE) 仪器对大气层探测的温度和 OH 气辉测量，将这些受干扰的日子里 MLT 区域的热场与3 月 27 日至 28 日是邻近最安静的日子。这种比较揭示了与风暴相关的 MLT 地区的变暖和变冷。这项比较研究在巴拉蒂极地方向的纬度区域的扩展也显示了 MLT 区域在这次地磁风暴期间的类似行为。总体而言，这项研究揭示了 99 公里左右的最高温度升高约 39–43 K，95–105 公里处显着变暖约 4–43 K，80–87 公里处温度下降约 12–16 K。公里。虽然 95-105 公里范围内温度升高似乎是与这场风暴相关的极光加热的结果；我们无法根据现有理论解释下面的冷却。目前对地磁暴期间温度升高区域下方冷却发展的观察很少，需要进一步研究。