Scedosporiasis is an emerging mycosis that has gained importance in recent years due to its worldwide prevalence. It is caused by species of the complex. These species can cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients and, occasionally, in immunocompetent patients as well. The high intrinsic antifungal resistance make these infections difficult to manage. The objective of this study was to interpret the mycological findings in a transplant patient, together with the images obtained in the radiological studies, in order to provide an early and effective antifungal therapy. The mycological analysis of samples taken from a heart transplant patient with radiological images suggesting a fungal infection was performed. Computed tomography scan of the head and thorax showed space-occupying lesions in both the frontal lobe and cerebellum, and multiple pulmonary nodules. The nodules were punctured and the samples obtained were analyzed according to the procedures for mycological analysis. The identity of the isolates was confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. Eventually, the antifungal susceptibility was studied. The fungal isolates obtained, whose identity was confirmed by sequencing, belonged to the species . Injured tissues were surgically removed and a treatment with amphotericin B and voriconazole-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.5μg/mL and ≥0.5μg/mL respectively – was administered. Although the patient died due to complications of a sepsis refractory to treatment, the progression of the fungal disease, although slow, was favourable in the early phases of the treatment due to a correct diagnosis and the antifungal susceptibility test carried out. Clinical cases of this nature highlight the need to increase the epidemiological study of these microorganisms, as well as the proper treatment of the diseases caused, in order to achieve early diagnoses that reduce the morbidity and mortality of patients.

中文翻译：

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免疫功能低下患者中发现的鲍氏Scedosporium boydii 及文献综述

链孢子虫病是一种新出现的真菌病，由于其在全球范围内的流行，近年来变得越来越重要。它是由复合体的物种引起的。这些物种可在免疫功能低下的患者中引起机会性感染，有时也会在免疫功能正常的患者中引起机会性感染。高内在抗真菌耐药性使这些感染难以控制。本研究的目的是解释移植患者的真菌学发现以及放射学研究中获得的图像，以便提供早期有效的抗真菌治疗。对从心脏移植患者身上采集的样本进行真菌学分析，放射图像表明存在真菌感染。头部和胸部的计算机断层扫描显示额叶和小脑均存在占位性病变，以及多个肺部结节。刺穿结节并根据真菌学分析程序对获得的样品进行分析。通过核苷酸测序确认分离株的身份。最终，研究了抗真菌敏感性。获得的真菌分离株，经测序证实其身份，属于该种。通过手术切除受伤组织，并使用两性霉素 B 和伏立康唑进行治疗，最低抑菌浓度 (MIC) 分别为 0.5μg/mL 和 ≥0.5μg/mL。尽管患者因治疗难治性脓毒症并发症而死亡，但由于正确的诊断和进行的抗真菌药敏试验，真菌病的进展虽然缓慢，但在治疗的早期阶段是有利的。这种性质的临床病例突出表明需要加强对这些微生物的流行病学研究以及对其引起的疾病的适当治疗，以实现早期诊断，降低患者的发病率和死亡率。