The effect of gravity-driven sintering on the enhancement of ferroelectricity in lead-free piezoelectric ceramics was investigated. The (BaSr)TiO ceramics were fabricated using normal sintering and gravity-driven sintering. The ferroelectricity was investigated from polarization-electric field hysteresis loops, revealing that gravity-driven sintering led to an enhancement of ferroelectricity. Temperature-dependence of dielectric constant exhibited a shift of Curie temperature and improved maximum dielectric constant in the gravity-driven sintered ceramics. The crystal structure was investigated by structure refinement, resulting the tetragonal structure with expanded lattice constants and tetragonality in the gravity-driven sintered ceramics. The electron density distribution is indicated the stronger covalent bonding between Ti and O ions in the gravity-driven sintered ceramics due to lattice deformation by mechanical stress. The covalent bonding enhanced at 300 K was linked to the improved ferroelectricity. The structural changes induced by gravity-driven sintering played a crucial role in enhancing ferroelectricity, providing insights for the development of next-generation materials.

中文翻译：

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重力引起的结构变形可增强无铅压电陶瓷的铁电性能

研究了重力驱动烧结对无铅压电陶瓷铁电性增强的影响。(BaSr)TiO 陶瓷是使用普通烧结和重力驱动烧结制造的。从极化电场磁滞回线研究铁电性，揭示重力驱动的烧结导致铁电性增强。介电常数的温度依赖性表现出居里温度的变化，并提高了重力驱动烧结陶瓷的最大介电常数。通过结构细化研究了晶体结构，在重力驱动烧结陶瓷中产生了晶格常数扩大的四方结构和四方性。电子密度分布表明，由于机械应力引起的晶格变形，重力驱动的烧结陶瓷中 Ti 和 O 离子之间的共价键更强。300 K 下增强的共价键与铁电性的改善有关。重力驱动烧结引起的结构变化在增强铁电性方面发挥了至关重要的作用，为下一代材料的开发提供了见解。