Fungi contribute to plant mineral nutrition through diverse symbiotic mycorrhizal associations. Although historically most attention has been put on Glomeromycotina fungi establishing the ancestral arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, other fungal lineages have developed similar but evolutionarily younger associations with plants. The Helotiales, a largely understudied fungal order, is emerging as a key lineage in fungus-mediated nutrient acquisition by plants. Indeed, these fungi can form ericoid mycorrhizae or ectomycorrhizae while some isolates behave as so-called “mycorrhizal-like” fungi capable of transferring nutrients to their hosts in a non-symbiotic way, without forming differentiated cellular structures inside plant roots, and without proven nutritional reciprocity from the plant. Here, we explore current knowledge about the phylogeny of these plant-beneficial Helotiales and cover recent advances on the roles they play in plant nutrition, highlighting the potential of these associations as alternatives to the AM symbiosis for plant nutrient uptake.

中文翻译：

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与根相关的 Helotiales 真菌：植物营养中被忽视的参与者

真菌通过多种共生菌根组合为植物矿物质营养做出贡献。尽管历史上大多数注意力都集中在建立祖先丛枝菌根共生的球囊菌亚门真菌上，但其他真菌谱系也与植物形成了类似但进化上更年轻的联系。Helotiales 是一种很大程度上未被充分研究的真菌目，正在成为真菌介导的植物养分获取的关键谱系。事实上，这些真菌可以形成杜鹃花菌根或外生菌根，而一些分离株表现为所谓的“类菌根”真菌，能够以非共生方式将营养物质转移给宿主，而不在植物根部内形成分化的细胞结构，并且没有经过证实植物的营养互惠。在这里，我们探讨了有关这些对植物有益的Helotiales系统发育的最新知识，并介绍了它们在植物营养中所发挥的作用的最新进展，强调了这些关联作为植物营养吸收AM共生的替代方案的潜力。