COVID-19 has represented a watershed in people's lifestyle. One important consequence has been the change in how people buy groceries online/offline that represent the most frequent shopping-related trip any household performs. Since this has substantially different transport and environmental implications, it is crucial to investigate what are the COVID-19-induced variations. This paper estimates both travel and environmental impacts grocery channel choice implies by comparing, in a diachronic fashion, the pre and during COVID-19 situation in Norway, considering alternative scenarios describing different service configurations for each channel considered. Stated preferences are used to estimate market shares for grocery purchase distinguishing between different channels: in-store, home delivery and click&pick. The robust comparative analysis between the two time periods is guaranteed by the use of the same methodological approach in the same geographical context. Results show that total emissions are lower during the pandemic and adopting a free delivery strategy not only increases home delivery market shares but also produces the lowest level of CO2 emissions regardless of COVID-19. The results obtained are particularly relevant in the "new normal" the world is experiencing both from a public policymaking perspective, when promoting transport-related interventions to curb emissions, and from a private standpoint, when customising market strategies to increase sales and profits.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19 疫情爆发前和期间在线/线下购买杂货对环境的影响。任何变化？

COVID-19 代表了人们生活方式的分水岭。一个重要的后果是人们在线/线下购买杂货的方式发生了变化，这是任何家庭最频繁的购物相关旅行。由于这对运输和环境产生显着不同的影响，因此研究 COVID-19 引起的变化至关重要。本文通过以历时方式比较挪威 COVID-19 之前和期间的情况，并考虑描述每个渠道的不同服务配置的替代方案，估计了食品杂货渠道选择所带来的旅行和环境影响。规定的偏好用于估计杂货购买的市场份额，区分不同的渠道：店内、送货上门和点击提货。在相同的地理背景下使用相同的方法可以保证两个时期之间的稳健比较分析。结果表明，大流行期间的总排放量较低，采用免费送货策略不仅增加了送货上门的市场份额，而且无论 COVID-19 的情况如何，都能产生最低水平的二氧化碳排放量。所获得的结果对于世界正在经历的“新常态”尤其重要，无论是从公共政策制定的角度，促进交通相关干预措施以抑制排放，还是从私人角度，制定市场策略以增加销售和利润。