Understanding the movement of pedestrians carrying baggage is crucial for predicting and enhancing the level of service on stairways, especially for public gathering places such as train stations and airports. In this study, we conducted a series of well-controlled experiments on experimental stairways, categorizing them into two main types: individual movement and single-file pedestrian flow. We investigated the impact of gender and baggage-laden ratios on pedestrians’ free speed. Our findings reveal that gender and the laden ratios of baggage play a pivotal role in determining pedestrians’ movement speed during individual ascent or descent. We then explored the dynamics of single-file pedestrian flow, considering various baggage-laden ratios (ranging from 0% to 100%). The results demonstrate complex and nonlinear spatiotemporal patterns, characterized by stop-and-go waves. Notably, headway distribution varies significantly across different baggage-laden ratios, indicating heterogeneity in pedestrian behavior. We identified two distinct regimes in headway-speed and density-speed relations: the “free regime” (where pedestrians move unimpeded) and the “constraint regime” (where baggage and spatial limitations affect movement). The experimental data could be used not only for the design of stairways for normal and emergency situations but also as input for pedestrian simulation models to benchmark existing simulators.

中文翻译：

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了解楼梯上携带行李的行人运动：受控实验的见解

了解携带行李的行人的移动对于预测和提高楼梯的服务水平至关重要，特别是对于火车站和机场等公共聚集场所。在这项研究中，我们对实验楼梯进行了一系列严格控制的实验，将其分为两种主要类型：个人移动和单行行人流。我们调查了性别和行李装载比例对行人自由速度的影响。我们的研究结果表明，性别和行李装载率在决定行人个人上升或下降过程中的移动速度方面发挥着关键作用。然后，我们考虑了各种行李负载率（范围从 0% 到 100%），探讨了单列行人流的动态。结果展示了复杂且非线性的时空模式，其特征是走走停停的波。值得注意的是，不同行李负载率的车头时距分布存在显着差异，表明行人行为的异质性。我们在车头速度和密度速度关系中确定了两种不同的机制：“自由机制”（行人不受阻碍地移动）和“约束机制”（行李和空间限制影响移动）。实验数据不仅可用于正常和紧急情况下的楼梯设计，还可作为行人仿真模型的输入，以对现有模拟器进行基准测试。