In contrast to the widespread adoption of agricultural commodities modified using biotechnology, the adoption rate of bioengineered specialty crops by growers remains low. The use of bioengineered crops has been controversial since their introduction in the 1990s due to concerns about their potentially harmful effects to human health, the environment, and other socioeconomic issues. To identify grower preferences, perceived opportunities, and barriers to growing bioengineered crops, we surveyed Minnesota specialty crop growers using a web‐based survey. The survey measured whether adoption rates are influenced by the specific trait of the modification, the method of bioengineering (genetically modified [GM] vs. genetically edited [GE]), or the end use of the crop being grown (ornamental vs food). Overall willingness‐to‐pay for both GM and GE potatoes was significantly lower than for conventional potatoes, and nearly a quarter (25%) of our respondents never chose a bioengineered option no matter the benefits. Results were similar for petunias, but fewer respondents (18%) refused to consider the bioengineering option. The type of bioengineering did not have as significant an impact on adoption rate as price or end use. The bioengineered ornamental crop had a higher willingness to adopt than the bioengineered food crop. [EconLit Citations: Q160 Agricultural R & D; Agricultural Technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services. O330 Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes].

中文翻译：

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衡量特种作物种植者支付基因改造和基因编辑费用的意愿

与生物技术改良农产品的广泛采用相比，种植者对生物工程特种作物的采用率仍然很低。生物工程作物的使用自 20 世纪 90 年代引入以来一直存在争议，因为人们担心它们对人类健康、环境和其他社会经济问题可能产生有害影响。为了确定种植者的偏好、感知的机会和种植生物工程作物的障碍，我们使用基于网络的调查对明尼苏达州特种作物种植者进行了调查。该调查衡量了采用率是否受到修饰的具体性状、生物工程方法（转基因[GM]与基因编辑[GE]）或所种植作物的最终用途（观赏与食品）的影响。转基因马铃薯和转基因马铃薯的总体支付意愿明显低于传统马铃薯，而且近四分之一 (25%) 的受访者从未选择过生物工程选项，无论其好处如何。矮牵牛的结果相似，但较少的受访者 (18%) 拒绝考虑生物工程选择。生物工程的类型对采用率的影响不如价格或最终用途那么大。生物工程观赏作物的采用意愿高于生物工程粮食作物。[EconLit 引文：Q160 农业研发；农业技术；生物燃料；农业推广服务。O330 技术变革：选择和后果；扩散过程]。