To date, smart surfaces with controllable wettability have received extraordinary attention due to their great importance in both fundamental research and practical applications. Chemical composition and surface topography are the two key factors to affect the wettability of solid surfaces. Applying external stimuli to change the surface chemistry and/or topography is considered to be a valuable approach for driving the transition between hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of surfaces. In this study, poly o-toluidine nanofibers were synthesized by a facile aqueous/organic interfacial polymerization, and superhydrophobic coatings of poly o-toluidine were prepared via a room-temperature spraying process. The reversible wettability conversion between the superhydrophobic and the hydrophilic state of the obtained poly o-toluidine coating under ultraviolet irradiation and electric stimulation was investigated. From the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, this intelligent switching wetting behavior under ultraviolet light irradiation was confirmed to have a high correlation with the change in surface chemical composition. When the electric stimulation was applied, the wettability switch was caused by the redistribution of charge and electric dipole along the liquid–solid interface. 

迄今为止，具有可控润湿性的智能表面由于其在基础研究和实际应用中的重要性而受到了极大的关注。化学成分和表面形貌是影响固体表面润湿性的两个关键因素。应用外部刺激来改变表面化学和/或形貌被认为是驱动表面亲水性和疏水性之间转变的有价值的方法。在本研究中，通过简便的水/有机界面聚合合成了聚邻甲苯胺纳米纤维，并通过室温喷涂工艺制备了聚邻甲苯胺超疏水涂层。研究了所得聚邻甲苯胺涂层在紫外线照射和电刺激下的超疏水态和亲水态之间的可逆润湿性转换。从X射线光电子能谱分析来看，这种在紫外光照射下的智能切换润湿行为被证实与表面化学成分的变化具有高度相关性。当施加电刺激时，润湿性转换是由电荷和电偶极子沿液-固界面的重新分布引起的。