To perform computations with the efficiency necessary for animal survival, neocortical microcircuits must be capable of reconfiguring in response to experience, while carefully regulating excitatory and inhibitory connectivity to maintain stable function. This dynamic fine-tuning is accomplished through a rich array of cellular homeostatic plasticity mechanisms that stabilize important cellular and network features such as firing rates, information flow, and sensory tuning properties. Further, these functional network properties can be stabilized by different forms of homeostatic plasticity, including mechanisms that target excitatory or inhibitory synapses, or that regulate intrinsic neuronal excitability. Here we discuss which aspects of neocortical circuit function are under homeostatic control, how this homeostasis is realized on the cellular and molecular levels, and the pathological consequences when circuit homeostasis is impaired. A remaining challenge is to elucidate how these diverse homeostatic mechanisms cooperate within complex circuits to enable them to be both flexible and stable.Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 47 is July 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

中文翻译：

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保持大脑平衡：网络功能的稳态调节

为了以动物生存所需的效率进行计算，新皮质微电路必须能够根据经验进行重新配置，同时仔细调节兴奋性和抑制性连接以维持稳定的功能。这种动态微调是通过一系列丰富的细胞稳态可塑性机制来实现的，这些机制可以稳定重要的细胞和网络特征，例如放电率、信息流和感觉调节特性。此外，这些功能网络特性可以通过不同形式的稳态可塑性来稳定，包括针对兴奋性或抑制性突触的机制，或调节内在神经元兴奋性的机制。在这里，我们讨论新皮质回路功能的哪些方面受到稳态控制，这种稳态如何在细胞和分子水平上实现，以及回路稳态受损时的病理后果。剩下的挑战是阐明这些不同的稳态机制如何在复杂的电路中合作，使它们既灵活又稳定。《神经科学年度评论》第 47 卷的预计最终在线出版日期是 2024 年 7 月。请参见 http://www .annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates 了解修订后的估计。