Breast implants are extensively employed for both reconstructive and esthetic purposes. However, the safety of breast implants with textured surfaces has been questioned, owing to a potential correlation with anaplastic large-cell lymphoma and the recurrence of breast cancer. This study investigates the immune response elicited by different prosthetic surfaces, focusing on the comparison between macrotextured and microtextured breast implants. Through the analysis of intraoperatively harvested periprosthetic fluids and cell culture experiments on surface replicas, we demonstrate that macrotextured surfaces elicit a more pronounced chronic-like activation of leucocytes and an increased release of inflammatory cytokines, in contrast to microtextured surfaces. In addition, in vitro fluorescent imaging of leucocytes revealed an accumulation of lymphocytes within the cavities of the macrotextured surfaces, indicating that the physical entrapment of these cells may contribute to their activation. These findings suggest that the topography of implant surfaces plays a significant role in promoting a chronic-like inflammatory environment, which could be a contributing factor in the development of lymphomas associated with a wide range of implantable devices.

中文翻译：

---

乳房植入物表面形貌会引发慢性炎症反应。

乳房植入物广泛用于重建和美容目的。然而，由于与间变性大细胞淋巴瘤和乳腺癌复发存在潜在相关性，具有纹理表面的乳房植入物的安全性受到质疑。本研究调查了不同假体表面引起的免疫反应，重点是宏观纹理和微观纹理乳房植入物之间的比较。通过对术中收集的假体周围液体的分析和表面复制品上的细胞培养实验，我们证明，与微观纹理表面相比，宏观纹理表面会引起更明显的白细胞慢性活化，并增加炎症细胞因子的释放。此外，白细胞的体外荧光成像显示，宏观纹理表面的空腔内有淋巴细胞的积累，表明这些细胞的物理捕获可能有助于它们的激活。这些发现表明，植入物表面的形貌在促进慢性炎症环境中发挥着重要作用，这可能是与各种植入装置相关的淋巴瘤发展的促成因素。