Abstract:

In 2001, Luiz Ruffato published Eles eram muitos cavalos, one of the most celebrated Brazilian novels of the last thirty years. That same year, the renowned geographer Ana Fani Alessandri Carlos—who has dedicated most of her career to studying São Paulo— published the article "São Paulo hoje: as contradições no processo de reprodução do espaço." Ruffato's and Carlos's texts render a moment just prior to widespread access to the internet and social media that transformed spatial practices, communication, activism, and consumption within global cities. I return to Ruffato's novel over two decades after its initial publication to analyze how it—in ways that dovetail with contemporary Brazilian urban geography— envisions the right to the global city, particularly residents' experience of estrangement. Both Ruffato and Carlos capture the ways that the dominance of the capitalist production of space creates estrangement because residents are disconnected from a social fabric, fearful of the street, and less able to create collective urban memories. As Carlos spatially explains the production of estrangement in São Paulo, Ruffato, employing innovative aesthetic solutions, imagines how individuals experience estrangement in the city. The novel, despite its local specification, conveys, more broadly, residents' sensory and emotional experiences of estrangement in global cities.

摘要：

2001 年，路易斯·鲁法托 (Luiz Ruffato) 出版了《Eles eram muitos cavalos》，这是过去三十年来巴西最著名的小说之一。同年，著名地理学家安娜·法尼·亚历山德里·卡洛斯（Ana Fani Alessandri Carlos）将其大部分职业生涯奉献给了圣保罗研究，发表了文章“圣保罗霍耶：与西班牙的再现过程相矛盾”。鲁法托和卡洛斯的文本呈现了互联网和社交媒体广泛普及之前的一个时刻，互联网和社交媒体改变了全球城市的空间实践、交流、行动主义和消费。在鲁法托的小说首次出版二十多年后，我再次回顾它，分析它如何以与当代巴西城市地理相吻合的方式设想全球城市的权利，特别是居民的疏远经历。鲁法托和卡洛斯都捕捉到了资本主义空间生产的主导地位造成疏远的方式，因为居民与社会结构脱节，害怕街道，并且不太能够创造集体城市记忆。当卡洛斯从空间上解释圣保罗疏远的产生时，鲁法托采用创新的美学解决方案，想象了个人如何在城市中体验疏远。尽管这部小说具有地方特色，但它更广泛地传达了全球城市中居民疏远的感官和情感体验。