Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, characterized by remyelination failure and axonal dysfunction. Remyelination by oligodendrocytes is critical for improvement of neurological deficits associated with demyelination. Rodent models of demyelination are frequently used to develop and evaluate therapies for MS. However, a suitable mouse model for assessing remyelination-associated recovery of motor functions is currently unavailable. In this review, we describe the development of the mouse model of internal capsule (IC) demyelination by focal injection of lysolecithin into brain and its application in the evaluation of drugs for demyelinating diseases. This mouse model exhibits motor deficits and subsequent functional recovery accompanying IC remyelination. Notably, this model shows enhancement of functional recovery as well as tissue regeneration when treated with clemastine, a drug that promotes remyelination. The IC demyelination mouse model should contribute to the development of novel drugs that promote remyelination and ameliorate neurological deficits in demyelinating diseases.

多发性硬化症（MS）是一种中枢神经系统炎症性脱髓鞘疾病，其特征是髓鞘再生失败和轴突功能障碍。少突胶质细胞的髓鞘再生对于改善与脱髓鞘相关的神经功能缺损至关重要。啮齿动物脱髓鞘模型经常用于开发和评估多发性硬化症的治疗方法。然而，目前还没有合适的小鼠模型来评估髓鞘再生相关的运动功能恢复。在这篇综述中，我们描述了通过向大脑局部注射溶血卵磷脂来建立内囊（IC）脱髓鞘小鼠模型及其在脱髓鞘疾病药物评价中的应用。该小鼠模型表现出运动缺陷和随后伴随 IC 髓鞘再生的功能恢复。值得注意的是，该模型显示，用氯马斯汀（一种促进髓鞘再生的药物）治疗后，功能恢复和组织再生得到增强。IC脱髓鞘小鼠模型应有助于开发促进髓鞘再生和改善脱髓鞘疾病中神经功能缺损的新药物。