As climate change impacts increase, there are growing calls for strengthening relationships between researchers and other stakeholders to advance adaptation efforts. Participation and co-production are widely held to be key to such relationships, both intended to open substantive engagement in science and research to non-experts. Gains commonly attributed to participation and co-production include improved understanding of user needs and contexts, enhanced trust, creating actionable knowledge for adaptation planning and decision-making, and other new outcomes and practices supporting adaptation progress. At the same time, scrutiny of existing efforts to use participation and co-production reveals limits and gaps in understanding the conditions and processes required to undertake them in meaningful, appropriate, and effective ways. This review assesses such limitations and gaps across the growing volume of research focused on adapting coastal and island communities within Europe. We systematically reviewed 60 peer-reviewed papers, drawing on a novel meta-method review approach to synthesize patterns in participation and co-production implementations, types of outcomes, and the latter's associations with study research designs. We identify a propensity toward using more simplistic definitions of community, more conventional, extractive research methods in working with study communities, and emphasizing knowledge generation over other outcomes. These issues are all limits on participation and co-production effectiveness, and we make recommendations to reduce them. We also recommend further recourse to systematic review methods to aid the development of participation and co-production knowledge for adaptation.

中文翻译：

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气候适应的参与和共同生产：通过对欧洲沿海社区研究的元方法审查确定的范围和限制

随着气候变化影响的增加，越来越多的人呼吁加强研究人员和其他利益相关者之间的关系，以推进适应工作。人们普遍认为参与和共同生产是这种关系的关键，两者都旨在向非专家开放对科学和研究的实质性参与。通常归因于参与和共同生产的收益包括更好地了解用户需求和背景、增强信任、为适应规划和决策创造可操作的知识，以及支持适应进展的其他新成果和实践。与此同时，对现有利用参与和共同生产的努力的审查揭示了在理解以有意义、适当和有效的方式进行这些活动所需的条件和过程方面的局限性和差距。这篇综述评估了越来越多的研究的局限性和差距，这些研究的重点是适应欧洲沿海和岛屿社区。我们系统地审查了 60 篇同行评审论文，利用一种新颖的元方法评审方法来综合参与和共同生产实施的模式、结果类型以及后者与研究设计的关联。我们发现在与研究社区合作时使用更简单的社区定义、更传统的提取性研究方法以及强调知识生成而不是其他成果的倾向。这些问题都是对参与和合拍效果的限制，我们提出减少这些问题的建议。我们还建议进一步采用系统审查方法，以帮助发展参与和共同制作的适应知识。