Serum or plasma is frequently utilized in biomedical research; however, its application is impeded by the requirement for invasive sample collection. The non-invasive nature of urine collection makes it an attractive alternative for disease characterization and biomarker discovery. Mass spectrometry-based protein profiling of urine has led to the discovery of several disease-associated biomarkers. Proteomic analysis of urine has not only been applied to disorders of the kidney and urinary bladder but also to conditions affecting distant organs because proteins excreted in the urine originate from multiple organs. This review provides a progress update on urinary proteomics carried out over the past decade. Studies summarized in this review have expanded the catalog of proteins detected in the urine in a variety of clinical conditions. The wide range of applications of urine analysis—from characterizing diseases to discovering predictive, diagnostic and prognostic markers—continues to drive investigations of the urinary proteome.

中文翻译：

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基于质谱的尿蛋白质组学最新进展

血清或血浆经常用于生物医学研究；然而，其应用因侵入性样本采集的要求而受到阻碍。尿液采集的非侵入性使其成为疾病表征和生物标志物发现的有吸引力的替代方案。基于质谱的尿液蛋白质分析发现了几种与疾病相关的生物标志物。尿液的蛋白质组学分析不仅适用于肾脏和膀胱疾病，还适用于影响远处器官的疾病，因为尿液中排泄的蛋白质来自多个器官。这篇综述提供了过去十年中尿蛋白质组学的最新进展。本综述中总结的研究扩大了各种临床条件下尿液中检测到的蛋白质的目录。尿液分析的广泛应用——从表征疾病到发现预测、诊断和预后标志物——继续推动尿液蛋白质组的研究。